USMLE Learning checks Exam Questions with
complete Answers 2024/2025
Shiguella - correct answer Inactivate 60S ribosome by
removing adenine from rRNA. enhances cytokine release causing
HUS
EHEC Shiga-like toxin - correct answer Inactivate 60S
ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA. enhances cytokine
release causing HUS
ETEC heat labile - correct answer over activates cAMP >
increase Cl secretion in gut and H2O efflux.
ETEC heat stable - correct answer overactivates cGMP >
decrease reabsorption of NaCl and H2O in gut.
B. anthracis - correct answer Edema factor. increase cAMP.
V. cholera - correct answer over activates cAMP by
permanently activating Gs > increase Cl secretion in gut and
H2O
B. pertusis - correct answer over activates cAMP by disabling
Gi impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe.
C. tetani - correct answer tetanoplasmin. inhibitory (GABA and
Glycine) neurotransmiters from reshaw cells in spinal cord.
,C. Botulinum - correct answer Toxin prevents release of
stimulatory Ach signals at neuromuscular junctions > Flacid
paralysis, floppy baby.
C. perfringens - correct answer alpha toxin. phospholipase
(lecithinase) that degrades tissue cell membrane. degradation of
phospholipids > myonecrosis (gas Gangrene) and hemoptysis
(double zone of hemolysis on blood agar)
S. pyogenes - correct answer Streptolysin O (ASO). protein
that degrades cell membrane. Lyses RBC's contributes to B-
hemolysis; host antibodies against ASO used to dx rheumatic
fever.
S. aureus - correct answer Toxic shock syndrome toxin. Bring
MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside of antigen binding site to
fuse overwhelming release of INF-y and IL-2 leading to shock.
S. pyogenes - correct answer Exotoxin A leading to TSS
Toxic shock syndrome (S.aureus) - correct answer fever, rash,
shock, other toxins cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative
toxin) and food poisoning (enterotoxin)
Endotoxin - correct answer an LPS found in outer membrane
of gram (-)
Edema
Nitric oxide
Phage conversion permitting exotoxin production - correct
answer genes of the 5 following bacterial toxins are encoded in
a lysogenic phage (ABCDE):
shigA-like toxin
Botulinum
Cholera
Diphteria
Erythrogenic toxin of S. pyogenes.
Superior orbital fissure - correct answer CN III,IV,V1,VI,
ophtalmic vein, sympathetic fibers.
Foramen rotundum - correct answer CN V2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KieranKent55. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
