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CMN 120 Exam #1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024
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CMN 120 Exam #1 Study Guide
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CMN 120 Exam #1 Study GuideWhat are the definitions of successful and accidental communication? -
answer*Successful communication*: behavior sent with intention and behavior
interpreted accurately
*Accidental communication*: behavior not sent with intention, but behavior is interpreted
accurately
What is the definition of Interpersonal Communication and Relational Communication? -
answer*Interpersonal communication*: the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages
between people, regardless of the relationship they share
*Relational communication*: focuses on messages exchanged in intimate, or potentially
intimate, relationships
What are the various ways in which communication competence was
defined/explained? - answer Competent communication involves *2 separate levels*:
- *performative competence* --> surface level; actual performance of verbal and
nonverbal behavior
- *process competence* --> deeper level; consists of everything we have to know in
order to perform
PROCESS COMPETENCE COMES *BEFORE* PERFORMATIVE COMPETENCE
*5 ways to be a competent communicator*:
1) assign meaning -- what is going on in this situation?(PROCESS)
2) set goals strategically -- what do I want to achieve/how can I make it happen?
(PROCESS)
3) take on social roles appropriately (PROCESS)
4) present a valued image of yourself -- how do I want others to view me in this
situation? (PROCESS)
5) generate intelligible messages -- language and nonverbal skills (PERFORMATIVE)
What is the "cooperation principle" and why is it important to communication
competence? - answer*Paul Grice's cooperation principle*: receivers assume
relevance, and senders guarantee relevance
- since the goal of communication is shared meaning --> there must be cooperation and
effort from the sender and receiver to reach this goal
, What are the four conversational maxims and what do each of them mean? -
answer*Grice's conversational maxims*:
- Quantity - providing just the right amount of information, not too much or too little
- Quality - truthful, accurate information and evidence
- Relevance - staying on topic
- Manner - being clear and socially appropriate
What makes shared meaning often difficult to achieve? - answerEvery single individual
has a unique set of perceptual filters -- and we use these to filter incoming
communication through our own perceptions, experiences, biases, and beliefs
What are perceptual filters? - answerWhat we use, individually, to filter incoming
communication based on our perceptions, experiences, biases, and beliefs.
What are the sources of possible perceptual misinterpretations? - answer-
*stereotyping*: relying on generalities, ignoring individual differences
- *the primacy effect*: we emphasize first impressions over later impressions when
forming a perception
- *the recency effect*: we emphasize the most recent impression over earlier
impressions when forming a perception
- *perceptual sets*: we are more likely to perceive only what we want or expect to
perceive
- *egocentrism*: unable to see any other perspective besides one's own
- *positivity/negativity bias*: we tend to focus heavily on a person's positive or negative
attributes when forming a perception
What affects perceptual accuracy? - answer- physiological state (tired, hungry)
- psychological state (anxious, angry)
- culture (age, ethnicity, sex)
- social roles (teacher, mother, police officer)
Why is effective listening so important? - answerListening is the active process of
making out meaning of another person's spoken message
It is a LEARNED SKILL, and requires *concerted and prolonged effort*
What are the types of listening? - answer- *Informational* -- listening to LEARN from
message
- *Critical* -- listening to evaluate credibility of message
- *Empathic* -- listening to emotionally support and understand someone
What are the barriers to effective listening? - answer- *Pseudo-listening*: using
behaviors that make it seem like you're listening even when you aren't
- *Selective listening*: listening to only what you want to hear
- *Information overload*: being overwhelmed by the large amount of info we take in
each day
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