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NSG 530 / NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. $9.49
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NSG 530 / NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure OSA manifestations -loud snoring -snorting -witnessed apnea -gasping during sleep -recurrent waking during sleep -chok...

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  • October 8, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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NSG 530 EXAM 2
Autoimmunity
reaction of immune response to one's own tissues


Tolerance
self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system


Most common autoimmune disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)


Type 1 DM, MS, RA
notable autoimmune diseases


SLE
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects many body systems- more
women than men


Clinical Manifestations of SLE
- arthralgias or arthritis
- vasculitis and rash
- renal disease
- hematologic changes, especially anemia
- cardiovascular disease


SLE Positive Labs
ANA screen


Alloimmunity

,Immune reaction to tissues of another individual


x3 alloimmunity reactions
transfusion reactions, transplant reactions, fetus during pregnancy


Allo-antigens
Non-self antigens from members of the same species


Transfusion reaction
a serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe
immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not
match


Universal donor
Type O blood


Universal recipient
type AB blood


Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.
B antibodies


Rh blood type
Presence or absence of Rh factor (antigen D) on erythrocytes determines if blood type
is positive or negative


Hemolitic disease of the newborn
Rh - mothers, Rh + fetuses

,Rhogram
antigen D immunoglobulin-
Rh incompatibility (necessary for Rh negative mothers who give birth to an Rh positive
baby; prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn)


D antigen expressed on RBC
Rh blood group


Transplant rejection
MHCs are a major target


Transplant Reaction Classifications
hyperacute, acute, chronic


Transplant reaction that is immediate and rare- what happens to tissue?
hyperacute, instant, graft turns white instead of pink


Transplant reactions- acute and chronic are what type of reactions?
type IV (4)


HTN and diabetes are risk factors for which transplant reactions?
chronic


Immune deficiency
the loss of the body's ability to respond to antigens and epitopes


Primary immunodeficiency
congenital; usually genetic errors

, Secondary immunodeficiency
(acquired) loss of immune functioning as a result of an illness or treatment


Immune Deficiencies
Congenital [Bruton, DiGeorge, SCID] and acquired [HIV/AIDS]


DiGeorge Syndrome
congenital- failure 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches to develop; T cell deficiency; absent
thymus


Bare lymphocyte syndrome
1. Partial or complete deficiency in MHC I or MHC II
2. Patients have an increased susceptibility to viral and opportunistic infections
3. Symptoms: range from none to severe combined immune deficiency, depending on
number of MHC expressed


Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
-most common immune deficiency
-defective B-cell development


Hypogammaglobulinemia
an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of
infection


Agammaglobulinemia
disorder marked by an almost complete lack of immunoglobulins or antibodies


Phagocyte defects
Inadequate numbers or defects in function of phagocytes

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