Summary
Samenvatting - Politicologie
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting - Politicologie Ugent samenvatting politicologie
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Anoniem12345678
Reviews received
Content preview
lOMoARcPSD|11439016POLITICOLOGIE
SAMENVATTING
UGENT
HOOFDSTUK 1: WAT IS POLITIEK?.................................................................................................................10
1.1 INLEIDING......................................................................................................................................................10 1.2
WAT IS POLITIEK? OP ZOEK NAAR EEN OMSCHRIJVING............................................................................................10
1.2.1 De oorsprong van het begrip...............................................................................................................10
1.2.2 Politiek en territorium (en bevolking)...................................................................................................10
1.2.3 Van nachtwaker naar nanny.................................................................................................................10
1.3 GESCHIEDENIS................................................................................................................................................10 1.4
INDELINGEN: ESSENTIALLY COTESTED CONCEPT?....................................................................................................11 1.5 D E
RELATIVITEIT VAN INDELINGEN: OVER SCHMITT EN EASTON.................................................................................11
1.5.1 Carl Schmit...........................................................................................................................................11
1.5.1.1 De radicale democratie..................................................................................................................................12
1.5.2 David Easton.........................................................................................................................................12
1.5.2.1 Systeemtheorie..............................................................................................................................................12
1.5.2.2 Easton verus Schmit.....................................................................................................................................13
1.5.3 Omschrijving van politiek: naar een synthese.......................................................................................13
1.5.4 Politiek en conflicten.............................................................................................................................13
1.6 UITLEIDING....................................................................................................................................................15
HOOFDSTUK 2: DE WETENSCHAP DER POLITIEK............................................................................................16
2.0 INLEIDING......................................................................................................................................................16 2.1
DE WETENSCHAPPELIJKE STUDIE VAN POLITIEK......................................................................................................16
2.1.1 Zijn politieke wetenschappen wetenschap?..........................................................................................16
2.1.1.1 Institutionele erkenning.................................................................................................................................16
2.1.1.2 Ideaalbeeld van de wetenschap....................................................................................................................16
2.1.1.3 Moeilijk te bepalen aanvangsvoorwaarden...................................................................................................16
, lOMoARcPSD|11439016
2.1.1.4 Het weer wil niet mee...................................................................................................................................17
2.1.2 Kan politicologie objectief
zijn?.............................................................................................................17
2.1.2.1 Hoe omgaan met onvermijdelijke subjectiviteit............................................................................................17
2.1.2.1 What’s in the name?......................................................................................................................................17
2.1.3 Een discipline met taalproblemen.........................................................................................................18
2.1.4 Een afzonderlijke dicipline?$.................................................................................................................18
2.2 BENADERINGEN IN DE WETENSCHAP DER POLITIEK.................................................................................................18
2.2.1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................18
2.2.2 Behavioralisme......................................................................................................................................18
2.2.3 Institutionalisme...................................................................................................................................20
2.2.3.1 De oude visie.................................................................................................................................................20
2.2.3.2 De nieuwe versie...........................................................................................................................................20
2.2.3.3 Verschil tussen oud en nieuw........................................................................................................................21
2.2.4 Rationele-keuzebenadering..................................................................................................................21
2.2.4.1 Eigenbelang, rationeel handelen...................................................................................................................22
2.2.4.2 Uitgangspunten.............................................................................................................................................22
2.2.4.3 Speltheorie....................................................................................................................................................22
2.2.4.4 Olsons theorie van het collectief handelen....................................................................................................23
2.2.4.5 Theorie over coalitie en regeringsvorming....................................................................................................23
2.2.5 Systeembenaderingen...........................................................................................................................24
2.2.6 Interpretatieve, constructivistische benadering....................................................................................24
2.2.7 Structurele (-functionalistische) benaderingen.....................................................................................25
3.7.1 Structureel functionalisme...............................................................................................................................25
3.7.2 Structuren en functies......................................................................................................................................26
2.2.8 Marxisme..............................................................................................................................................26
2.2.8.1 Uitganspunten...............................................................................................................................................26
2.2.8.2 Betekenis.......................................................................................................................................................27
HOOFDSTUK 3: IDEOLOGIEËN.......................................................................................................................28
3.1 INLEIDING......................................................................................................................................................28 3.2
EEN OUD, FELBEDISCUSSIEERD CONCEPT..............................................................................................................28
3.2.1 Geschiedenis van het concept ideologie...............................................................................................28
3.3 WAT IS IDEOLOGIE...........................................................................................................................................28 3.4
DE MORFOLOGIE VAN IDEOLOGIEËN....................................................................................................................29 3.5
LINKS EN RECHTS: EEN GPS IN DE POLITIEK?........................................................................................................29
3.5.1 Oorsprong van links-rechts...................................................................................................................29
3.5.2 De relevantie van links-rechts...............................................................................................................29
3.5.3 Ontdubbeling van de links-rechts kwestie............................................................................................30
3.6 EEN BEKNOPT OVERZICHT VAN ENKELE IDEOLOGIEËN..............................................................................................31
3.6.1 Liberalisme............................................................................................................................................31
3.6.2 Conservatisme.......................................................................................................................................32
3.6.2.1 De Christendemocratie..................................................................................................................................32
3.6.2.2 Cummunautarisme........................................................................................................................................33
3.6.2.3 Hedendaags conservatisme...........................................................................................................................33
3.6.3 Socialisme..............................................................................................................................................33
3.6.3.1 Revolutionair socialisme................................................................................................................................34
3.6.3.2 Reformatorisch socialisme.............................................................................................................................35
3.6.3.3 De ‘derde weg’-visie......................................................................................................................................35
3.6.4 Nationalisme.........................................................................................................................................35
3.6.5 Ecologisme............................................................................................................................................36
3.7 IS ER NOG EEN TOEKOMST VOOR IDEOLOGIEËN?....................................................................................................37
3.7.1 Het einde van de ideologie?..................................................................................................................37
3.7.1 En het populisme dan?..........................................................................................................................37
, lOMoARcPSD|11439016
3.8 UITLEIDING....................................................................................................................................................37
HOOFDSTUK 4: MACHT................................................................................................................................38
4.1 INLEIDING: MACHT IS EEN MOEILIJK VAK..............................................................................................................38 4.2
WAT IS MACHT?.............................................................................................................................................38
4.2.1 De bestandsdelen van macht: de visie van Dennis Wrong...................................................................38
4.2.2 De moeilijke verhouding tussen macht en invloed................................................................................39
4.3 VORMEN VAN MACHT......................................................................................................................................39 4.4
BRONNEN VAN MACHT.....................................................................................................................................40 4.5
DIMENSIES VAN MACHT....................................................................................................................................40
4.5.1 De eerste dimensie: het pluralisme.......................................................................................................40
4.5.2 De tweede dimensie: de kritiek op het pluralisme van Bachrach en Baratz.........................................41
4.5.3 De derde dimensie: de visie van Steven Lukes......................................................................................41
4.6 POTENTIËLE, ‘ONZICHTBARE’ MACHT?.................................................................................................................42
4.7 STRUCTURELE MACHT......................................................................................................................................43 4.8
HOE MACHT METEN?......................................................................................................................................43
4.8.1 De reputatiemethode............................................................................................................................43
4.8.2 De decisie- of besluitvormingsmethode................................................................................................43
4.8.3 Het effectenonderzoek..........................................................................................................................43
4.8.4 De positiemethode en het netwerkonderzoek......................................................................................44
4.8.5 Meting van macht in termen van machtsbronnen...............................................................................45
HOOFDSTUK 5: MACHT IN WEINIG HANDEN.................................................................................................46
5.1 INLEIDING: OVER DE STUDIE VAN ELITES...............................................................................................................46
5.1.1 Studie van elites is de studie van macht en dus de studie van onze samenleving................................46
5.1.2 Elites zijn niet per se problematisch, politieke elites zijn niet alleen.....................................................46
5.1.3 België is een elitair politiek systeem.....................................................................................................46
5.2 ELITE: OORSPRONG, BESCHRIJVING EN CRITERIA....................................................................................................46
5.2.1 Oorsprong.............................................................................................................................................46
5.2.2 Beschrijving...........................................................................................................................................46
5.2.3 Criteria...................................................................................................................................................46
5.3 ‘RULE BY ALL’, ‘RULE BY MANY’ OF ‘RULE BY THE HAPPY FEW’ ?...............................................................................47
5.3.1 En het marxisme dan?...........................................................................................................................47
5.3.2 Het pluralisme.......................................................................................................................................47
5.3.2.1 Een antitheorie..............................................................................................................................................47
5.3.2.2 Elite en overheid in het pluralisme................................................................................................................47
5.3.2.3 Roots van het pluralisme...............................................................................................................................48
5.3.2.4 Pluralisme in het dagelijks taalgebruik...........................................................................................................48
5.3.2.5 Bekendste pluralist........................................................................................................................................48
5.3.2.6 Kritiek............................................................................................................................................................48
5.3.3 Het elitisme...........................................................................................................................................48
5.3.3.1 Geen theorie van het elitisme.......................................................................................................................48
5.3.3.2 Vilfredo Pareto...............................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.3 Gaetano Mosca..............................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.4 Robert Michels..............................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.5 James Burnham.............................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.6 Charles W. Mills.............................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.7 Neo-elitisme..................................................................................................................................................49
5.3.3.8 Joseph schumpeter........................................................................................................................................49
5.3.4 Het (neo)corporatisme..........................................................................................................................50
5.3.4.1 Korte omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................50
5.4 HEDENDAAGS ELITEONDERZOEK.........................................................................................................................52 5.5
PROCESBESCHRIJVING VAN POLITIEKE REKRUTERING: PIPPA NORRIS...........................................................................53 5.6
CENTRALE ELEMENTEN VAN HET POLITIEKE REKRUTERINGSPROCES............................................................................54
, lOMoARcPSD|11439016
5.6.1 Sociale achtergrond..............................................................................................................................54
5.6.2 Motivatie en ambitie.............................................................................................................................54
5.6.3 Kandidaatselectie..................................................................................................................................54
5.6.3.1 Methodes van kandidaatselectie...................................................................................................................55
5.6.3.2 Selectiecriteria...............................................................................................................................................56
5.6.3.3 Kandidatenselectie in België..........................................................................................................................56
5.7 POLITIEKE CARRIÈRES.......................................................................................................................................56 5.8
UITLEIDING....................................................................................................................................................56
HOOFDSTUK 6: MACHT IN VELE HANDEN.....................................................................................................57
6.1 INLEIDING......................................................................................................................................................57 6.2
POLITIEKE CULTUUR.........................................................................................................................................57
6.2.1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................57
6.2.2 Wat is politieke cultuur.........................................................................................................................57
6.2.2.1 Politiek en wetenschappelijk begrip..............................................................................................................57
6.2.2.2 Definities.......................................................................................................................................................57
6.2.3 The Civic Culture....................................................................................................................................58
6.2.3.1 Almond & Verba en verder............................................................................................................................58
6.2.3.2 Politieke legitimiteit en politiek vertrouwen..................................................................................................59
6.2.4 Subculturen en breuklijnen...................................................................................................................60
6.2.4.1 Wat is een breuklijn?.....................................................................................................................................61
6.2.4.2 Lipset en Rokkan............................................................................................................................................61
6.2.4.3 Postmaterialisme en nieuwe breuklijnen.......................................................................................................62
6.3 POLITIEKE SOCIALISATIE....................................................................................................................................63
6.3.1 Mensen zijn geen computers................................................................................................................63
6.3.2 Wat is politieke socialisatie...................................................................................................................63
6.4 POLITIEKE PARTICIPATIE....................................................................................................................................63
6.4.1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................63
6.4.2 Verschillende benaderingen en evolutie van het concept.....................................................................64
6.4.3 Vormen van politieke participatie.........................................................................................................64
6.4.3.1 ‘Klassieke’ indeling van vormen van politieke participatie.............................................................................64
6.4.3.2 ‘Invited’ en ‘invented’ spaces.........................................................................................................................65
6.4.4 Verklaringen voor de variatie in politieke participatie..........................................................................67
6.4.5 Stemgedrag...........................................................................................................................................67
6.4.5.1 Waarom stemmen?.......................................................................................................................................67
6.4.5.2 De ‘paradox of voting’...................................................................................................................................68
6.4.5.3 Effecten afschaffing opkomstplicht................................................................................................................68
6.4.5.4 Verklaring van het stemgerag........................................................................................................................68
6.4.5.2.1 het Michigan-model: socialisatie, groepslidmaatschap en partij-identificatie........................................69
6.4.5.2.2 Rational Choice: economische overwegingen en issue voting...............................................................69
6.4.5.4.3 Het image model: personalisering en imago..........................................................................................70
6.4.5.4.4 Modellen Heywood om stemgedrag te onderzoek................................................................................70
6.5 SOCIALE BEWEGINGEN.....................................................................................................................................70
6.5.1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................70
6.5.1.1 Politieke mobilisatie.......................................................................................................................................70
6.5.1.2 Gewijzigde visie.............................................................................................................................................71
6.5.2 Begripsafbakening................................................................................................................................71
6.5.3 Ontstaan van sociale bewegingen........................................................................................................72
6.5.3.1 De collectieve behavior theorie....................................................................................................................72
6.5.3.2 De mass society-benadering..........................................................................................................................72
6.5.3.3 De theorie van de relatieve deprivatie...........................................................................................................72
6.5.3.4 de resource mobilization-benadering............................................................................................................72
6.5.3.5 De political opportunity-benadering..............................................................................................................72
6.5.4 De toekomst van de sociale beweging..................................................................................................73
6.6 UITLEIDING....................................................................................................................................................73
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Anoniem12345678. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.69. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50155 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now