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Intro to Criminal Justice (Exam 2) correctly answered to pass
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Intro to Criminal Justice (Exam 2) correctly answered to pass
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Intro to Criminal Justice (Exam 2)Frankpledge - correct answer ✔✔A system in old English law in which members of a tithing pledged to
be responsible for keeping order and bringing law violators before court
Sir Robert Peel - correct answer ✔✔Established the first organized police force; Metropolitan Police Act
of 1829
What were the goals of Peel's police force? - correct answer ✔✔Prevent crime without repressive force;
maintain public order without violence; order maintenance has central role; reduce conflict between
police and public; show effectiveness through absence of crime disorder
What were the three main elements of Peel's method of policing? - correct answer ✔✔Mission of crime
prevention; strategy of foot patrol to assigned beats; military-like hierarchy
Where/when was the first organized police force in America? - correct answer ✔✔NYC, 1845
Advantages of Political Era - correct answer ✔✔Familiar with community due to lifelong beats; provided
social services; kept order maintenance; focus on preventing crime
Disadvantages of Political Era? - correct answer ✔✔Very corruptible; no former hierarchical system; tied
too closely too politics
August Womer - correct answer ✔✔Started the Professionalization Movement; "Police force must get
out of politics and politics get out of police force"
Main goals of Professional Era? - correct answer ✔✔1) Isolation from politics; 2) Police should be well
trained, disciplined and organized; 3) Laws should be enforced equally; 4) Use new technology; 5)
Personnel procedures should be based on merit; 6) Main job should be crime fighting
New forms of technology in Professional Era - correct answer ✔✔Telephone, automobile, two-way radio
, Police tactics of Professional Era - correct answer ✔✔Random motorized patrol, radio communication
and rapid response calls for service (reactive rather than proactive)
Characteristics of the "Changing political climate" (1960s-70s) - correct answer ✔✔Vietnam, Watergate,
Civil Rights Movement; prompted change from Professional era to Community Era
Characteristics of the Community Era - correct answer ✔✔Effort of police force to involve the
community and regain their trust; return to the more proactive model
Police discretion - correct answer ✔✔Ability of the police to use their personal judgment when
responding to crime
Black (1980) - correct answer ✔✔Said that police systematically under-enforce the law; make arrests in
half of the situations where it is legally called for
"Broken Windows" theory (Wilson & Kelling, 1982) - correct answer ✔✔Says that crime problems start
when disorder goes untreated and informal social control decreases
What does "Broken Windows" theory say cops should do? - correct answer ✔✔1) return to order-
maintenance role 2) don't ignore disorder 3) negotiate with community residents about what is/isn't
acceptable 4) rapid repair of physical disorder
Four step process of disorder - correct answer ✔✔Disorder goes untreated --> Citizens become
fearful/withdraw from community --> Informal social control decreases --> Disorder and crime increases
as criminal increase activity in the area
Social disorder (examples) - correct answer ✔✔Nuisance behaviors like public drinking, vagrancy,
prostitution, noisy neighbors, loitering
Physical disorder (examples) - correct answer ✔✔Vandalism, graffiti, broken windows, abandoned
buildings, trash filled vacant lots
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