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Politiestudies samenvatting
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Politiestudies samenvatting
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PolitiestudiesInhoud
2. De maatschappelijke opdracht van de politie (hoofdstuk 3 in HB).................................................7
2.1. Inleiding...................................................................................................................................7
2.2. Maatschappelijke opdracht van de politie...............................................................................9
2.2.1. Tegenstellingen...................................................................................................................10
2.2.2. Praktijk................................................................................................................................11
2.3. Identiteit van de politie..........................................................................................................11
2.3.1. Monopolie van geweld.......................................................................................................13
2.3.2. Politie als morele instantie..................................................................................................13
2.3.3. Probleemgerichtheid..........................................................................................................14
2.3.4. Nood aan legitimiteit EX!!!!................................................................................................14
2.3.5. Vier dimensies van maatschappelijke opdracht van de politie............................................15
3. Geschiedenis van de politie..........................................................................................................16
3.1. Ter inleiding...........................................................................................................................16
3.2. De Franse en Nederlandse tijd (voor 1830)...........................................................................18
3.3. Tweedeling (1795).................................................................................................................21
3.4. De Belgische politiediensten bij de onafhankelijkheid van België in 1830.............................22
3.4.1. De Gemeentepolitie............................................................................................................23
3.4.2. Gendarmerie.......................................................................................................................24
3.4.3. Het leger.............................................................................................................................25
3.4.4. Staatsveiligheid...................................................................................................................25
3.5. Politie van de Miserie (1870-1914)........................................................................................26
3.5.1. Gemeentepolitie.................................................................................................................27
3.5.2. Gendarmerie.......................................................................................................................27
3.5.3. Het Leger.............................................................................................................................28
3.5.4. Openbare Veiligheid (staatveiligheid).................................................................................28
Burgerwachten.............................................................................................................................29
3.5.5. Gerechtelijke politie............................................................................................................29
3.6. Interbellum............................................................................................................................30
3.6.1. Oprichting Gerechtelijke Politie bij de Parketten (GPP).......................................................31
3.6.2. 1942....................................................................................................................................31
3.7. Van een Koude oorlog naar een Politieoorlog........................................................................32
3.7.1. Rijkswacht...........................................................................................................................33
1
, 3.7.2. Les Trente Glorieuses..........................................................................................................35
3.7.3. Schandalen rond politieke inlichtingen...............................................................................38
3.8. Conclusie................................................................................................................................38
4. De weg naar een nieuw Politiebestel (1988-1998).......................................................................40
4.1. Miserie van de politie 1985....................................................................................................40
4.1.1. Politiediensten....................................................................................................................40
4.1.2. Eerste maatregelen regering Martens VII...........................................................................41
4.1.3. Politiek wordt een politiek probleem..................................................................................42
4.1.4. Voornaamste vaststellingen commissie Bourgeois (30 april 1990).....................................44
4.2. Het Pinksterplan....................................................................................................................44
4.2.1. Het begin van een wending................................................................................................45
4.2.2. Demilitarisering van de Rijkswacht (1 e punt op het Pinksterplan!).....................................46
4.2.3. Herwaardering van de gemeentepolitie (2e punt in het Pinksterplan!)...............................49
4.2.4. Vijfhoeksoverleg (3e punt in het Pinksterplan!!).................................................................51
4.2.5. Één wet op politiefunctie (4e punt in het Pinksterplan!!)....................................................51
4.2.6. Herstructurering van de GPP (5 e punt in het Pinksterplan!!)...............................................52
4.2.7. Wet op de Staatsveiligheid (6e punt)...................................................................................53
4.2.8. Controle op politie- en inlichtingendiensten (7 e punt)........................................................53
4.2.9. Creëren gemeenschappelijke diensten (8 e punt)................................................................54
4.3. Interpolitiezones....................................................................................................................55
4.4. Dutroux loopt in het bos 1998...............................................................................................56
4.5. Politieorganisatie na 1998......................................................................................................58
5. De Belgische Politiestructuur........................................................................................................60
5.1. De Belgische Staat..................................................................................................................60
5.1.1. Scheiding der machten.......................................................................................................60
5.1.2. Functionele band, geen hiërarchische................................................................................63
5.2. De Lokale Politie.....................................................................................................................64
5.2.1. Art. 9, 10 & 11 WGP............................................................................................................66
5.2.2. Wie stuurt de lokale politie?...............................................................................................66
5.2.3. Procureur des Konings........................................................................................................71
5.2.4. Onderzoeksrechter.............................................................................................................71
5.3. Overlegorganen.....................................................................................................................71
5.3.1. De Zonale Veiligheidsraad...................................................................................................72
5.3.2. Lokale Integrale Veiligheidscel VS Lokale Taskforce............................................................73
5.3.3. Organisatie..........................................................................................................................73
5.4. Taken: Wat doet de lokale politie?.........................................................................................74
2
, 5.4.1. Taken Lokale Politie.............................................................................................................74
5.4.2. Bestuurlijk VS Gerechtelijk..................................................................................................75
5.4.3. Basisfunctionaliteiten.........................................................................................................75
5.4.4. Opdrachten van federale aard............................................................................................76
5.5. Vaste Commissie voor de Lokale Politie.................................................................................77
5.6. De Federale Politie.................................................................................................................77
5.6.1. Structuur.............................................................................................................................77
5.6.2. Taken en bevoegdheden Federale Politie............................................................................79
5.6.3. Taken federale centrale directies........................................................................................80
5.6.4. De Gedeconcentreerde eenheden......................................................................................81
5.6.4.1. Dienst gedeconcentreerde gerechtelijke eenheden (FGP)...............................................81
5.6.4.2. Diensten gedeconcentreerde bestuurlijke eenheden (CSD’s)..........................................82
5.6.5. Sturing................................................................................................................................83
5.6.5.1. Gezag...............................................................................................................................83
5.6.6. Federale algemene directies...............................................................................................84
5.6.7. Gedeconcentreerde eenheden...........................................................................................86
5.6.7.1. Bestuurlijke Directeur (DirCo)..........................................................................................86
5.7. Overlegorganen.....................................................................................................................87
5.7.1. Het arrondissementeel recherche-overleg (ARRO).............................................................87
5.7.2. Een bijzonder recherche-overleg: LTF.................................................................................87
5.8. Geïntegreerde werking..........................................................................................................88
5.8.1. Wat zorgt voor eenheid?.....................................................................................................88
5.8.2. Beleidsafstemming..............................................................................................................89
6. Politiemodellen of politiemodes...................................................................................................91
6.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................91
6.2. Professioneel misdaadmodel.....................................................................................................92
6.2.1. Kenmerken professioneel misdaadmodel...............................................................................93
6.3. Community Oriented Policing....................................................................................................94
6.3.1. Kenmerken Community Oriented Policing..............................................................................96
6.3.2. Community Oriented Policing in België...................................................................................96
6.4. Problem Oriented Policing.........................................................................................................98
6.4.1. Zero Tolerance Policing...........................................................................................................99
6.4.2. Militarisering van de politie....................................................................................................99
7. Recherchewerk bij de politie......................................................................................................100
7.1. Gerechtelijke politietaken........................................................................................................100
7.2. Opsporingstaken......................................................................................................................101
3
, 7.3. Lokale recherche......................................................................................................................102
7.4. Functionele band.....................................................................................................................103
7.5. ARRO........................................................................................................................................103
7.6. Specifieke onderzoeksopdrachten...........................................................................................104
7.6.1. HET VERHOOR.......................................................................................................................104
7.6.1.1. VERHOORMETHODE..........................................................................................................104
7.6.1.2. AAN HET VERHOOR TOEGEKENDE RECHTEN.....................................................................105
7.6.2. Vrijheidsbeneming................................................................................................................105
7.6.3. HUISZOEKING........................................................................................................................106
7.6.4. TELECOMMUNICATIEONDERZOEK........................................................................................106
7.6.5. BOM......................................................................................................................................106
7.7. Recherchemanagement...........................................................................................................106
8. Gastcollege Wouter Hermans: Bestuurlijke politie.....................................................................107
8.1. Inleiding...................................................................................................................................107
8.2. Historische wortels van het onderscheid tussen bestuurlijke – gerechtelijke politie...............107
8.2.1. Een “revolutionaire” politie..................................................................................................107
8.2.2. Belgische onafhankelijkheid..................................................................................................107
8.3. Bestuurlijke en gerechtelijke politie.........................................................................................107
8.3.1. Bestuurlijke politie................................................................................................................108
8.3.2. Bestuurlijke overheden.........................................................................................................108
8.3.3. Gerechtelijke politie..............................................................................................................111
8.3.4. Onderscheid tussen bestuurlijke en gerechtelijke politie......................................................112
8.4. De bestuurlijke aanpak van georganiseerde criminaliteit........................................................113
8.5. Parapolitionele taken...............................................................................................................115
8.6. Bestuurlijke politie in het Belgische politiebestel....................................................................116
8.6.1. De federale politie................................................................................................................116
8.6.1.1. DGA: Openbare Orde en basispolitiezorg..........................................................................116
8.6.1.2. DGA: Beschermen en beveiligen........................................................................................116
8.6.2. Bestuurlijke politie in de lokale politiezones.........................................................................117
8.7. Partners van bestuurlijke politie..............................................................................................117
8.7.1. De Private Politie...................................................................................................................117
8.7.2. Gemeenschapswachten........................................................................................................119
8.7.3. Stadsmariniers en buurtregisseurs........................................................................................119
8.7.4. Naar een nieuwe gemeentepolitie........................................................................................120
8.8. De plaats van bestuurlijke politie in het politieke bestel..........................................................120
9. Politiecultuur..............................................................................................................................122
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