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HESI NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing 2024
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HESI NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing 2024
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HESI NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing 2024Steroids in Asthma - Correct Answer-Glucocorticoids — Glucocorticoids are a class of
medication that has anti-inflammatory properties. Glucocorticoids can be taken in different
forms, including with an inhaler, as a pill, or through an IV.
A spacer should be used with inhaled corticosteroids, and patients should rinse their mouth
after administration to prevent thrush, a common complication associated with the use of
inhaled corticosteroids. A systemic preparation may be used to gain rapid control of the
disease; to manage severe, persistent asthma; to treat moderate to severe exacerbations;
to accelerate recovery; and to prevent recurrence.
GERD Meal Recommendations - Correct Answer-Small, frequent feedings (6 to 8 per day)
are recommended because large quantities of food overload the stomach and promote
gastric reflux. The patient is advised to avoid any activities that increase pain and to remain
upright for 1 to 4 hours after each meal to prevent reflux. The head of the bed should be
placed on 4- to 8-inch (10- to 20-cm) blocks. Eating before bedtime is discouraged.
The patient is encouraged to eat slowly and to chew all food thoroughly so that it can pass
easily into the stomach. Small, frequent feedings of nonirritating foods are recommended to
promote digestion and to prevent tissue irritation. Sometimes liquid swallowed with food
helps the food pass through the esophagus, but usually liquids should be consumed between
meals. Food should be prepared in an appealing manner to help stimulate the appetite.
GERD Aspiration - Correct Answer-The patient who has difficulty swallowing or difficulty
handling secretions should be kept in at least a semi-Fowler position to decrease the risk of
aspiration
,GERD Avoid - Correct Answer-Over using antacids
Irritants such as tobacco and alcohol should be avoided
Avoid eating before bed
GERD Assess - Correct Answer-A baseline weight is obtained, and daily weights are
recorded. The patient's intake of nutrients is assessed
Ulcerative Colitis-Goal - Correct Answer-The major goals for the patient include attainment
of normal bowel elimination patterns, relief of abdominal pain and cramping, prevention of
fluid volume deficit, maintenance of optimal nutrition and weight, avoidance of fatigue,
reduction of anxiety, promotion of effective coping, absence of skin breakdown, increased
knowledge about the disease process and self-health management, and avoidance of
complications.
Bariatric Surgery Post Op - Correct Answer-After surgery, the nurse assesses the patient
for complications from the bariatric surgery, such as hemorrhage, venous
thromboembolism, bile reflux, dumping syndrome, dysphagia, and bowel or gastric outlet
obstruction.
Eat smaller but more frequent meals that contain protein and fiber; each meal size should
not exceed 1 cup.
Eat only foods high in nutrients (e.g., peanut butter, cheese, chicken, fish, beans).
Eat slowly and chew thoroughly
Assume a low Fowler position during mealtime and then remain in that position for 20-30
minutes after mealtime—this delays stomach emptying and decreases the likelihood of
dumping syndrome.
, Do not drink fluid with meals; instead, consume fluids up to 30 minutes before a meal and
30-60 minutes after mealtime.
Cholelithiasis- Jaundice - Correct Answer-Jaundice occurs in a few patients with gallbladder
disease, usually with obstruction of the common bile duct. The bile, which is no longer
carried to the duodenum, is absorbed by the blood and gives the skin and mucous
membranes a yellow color. This is frequently accompanied by marked pruritus (itching) of
the skin.
Gallbladder Risk Factors - Correct Answer-The risk of developing such stones is increased in
patients with cirrhosis, hemolysis, and infections of the biliary tract.
Cholesterol stones account for most of the remaining 75% of cases of gallbladder disease in
the United States
Two to three times more women than men develop cholesterol stones and gallbladder
disease
Stone formation is more frequent in people who use oral contraceptives, estrogens, or
clofibrate (Atromid-S); these medications are known to increase biliary cholesterol
saturation. The incidence of stone formation increases with age as a result of increased
hepatic secretion of cholesterol and decreased bile acid synthesis.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Complication - Correct Answer-Although vomiting is rare in an
uncomplicated peptic ulcer, it may be a symptom of a complication of an ulcer. It results
from gastric outlet obstruction, caused by either muscular spasm of the pylorus or
mechanical obstruction from scarring or acute swelling of the inflamed mucous membrane
adjacent to the ulcer.
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