Exam (elaborations)
NR511 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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Exam of 12 pages for the course NR511 at NR511 (NR511)
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NR511Muscle strains – answer •Strain-can be due to not warming up prior to exercise;
Teachable moment when the patient presents with a strain is just to suggest stretching
and warm-up exercises prior to the full exercise routine
Bacterial Prostatitis - answer•
•Note: The etiology of urethral discharge or difficulty voiding can include acute and
chronic prostatitis and prostatic abscess. Young adult males in their 20s usually have
acute prostatitis from gonorrhea or other bacterial infections.
•The rectal examination should be performed gently because vigorous manipulation of
the prostate can result in septicemia. Therefore, prostatic massage is contraindicated.
•Acute bacterial prostatitis is always associated with a UTI and has a characteristically
abrupt onset. Fever, chills, low back pain, tenesmus, and urinary complaints typical of
UTI are common.
inflammatory bowel disease - answer disease-the mucosal surface of the colon is
inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease - answer•Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding
inflammatory bowel disease - answer•Occurs in the rectum and sigmoid colon
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
inflammatory bowel disease - answer•total colectomy is a treatment option that can
completely resolve this problem.
Diverticulitis - answerbleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
Diverticulitis - answerlocalized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the abdomen with
associated anorexia, nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis - answer•High-fiber diet is best management
C. difficile - answer•Infection of the large intestine
C. diff - answer•Exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human feces
•Causes profuse, watery, mucoid diarrhea
Mild C. Diff - answer-Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two or more days
Severe C. diff - answer-Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
, -Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA): - answeridentifies toxins that produce
C. diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay - answeridentifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): - answerdetects bacterial genes
Endoscopy - answerif the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show
pseudomembranes that suggest c-diff infection
C. diff treatment - answer•Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
•Eat starchy foods to prevent diarrhea
•Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, milk and greasy foods
•May require a GI consult
Gerd - answerSymptoms occur at night with regurgitation; heartburn is classic for GERD
(mild to severe).
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - answer•, including regurgitation, water brash
(reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the morning, odynophagia, belching,
coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing, usually at night.
endoscopy - answer• If patient has been treated with diet modifications and 6 weeks of
omeprazole without improvement of symptoms, the next step is an
GERD teaching - answer•Patients should be instructed to avoid coffee, alcohol,
chocolate, peppermint, and spicy foods; eat smaller meals; stop smoking; remain
upright for 2 hours after meals; elevate the head of the bed on 6- to 8-in blocks; and
refrain from eating for 3 hours before retiring.
Rotovirus - answercommon in children younger than age 3.
Symptoms for Rotavirus - answer•Symptoms include low-grade fever, loss of appetite,
copious watery diarrhea, flatulence, vomiting, stomach cramps.
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