Provides in-depth reasoning behind the theories of personality and how it evolved. It also goes into detail on extroverts vs. introverts, neuroticism, and psychoticism. You will also see in the evolution section inherited tendencies, the natural selection theory, and anxiety and social exclusion. T...
Chapter outline
Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
Temperament
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Application: Children’s Temperaments and School
Assessment: Brain Electrical Activity and Cerebal Asynmetry
Strengths and Criticisms of the Biological Approach
Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
➢ Structure of Personality
○ Eysenck employed factor analysis to identify supertraits
○ All traits can be subsumed within three basic personality
■ Extraversion– introversion
■ Neuroticism
■ Psychoticism
➢ Eysenck divided the elements of personality into units that can be
arranged hierarchically
○ Basic structure – Specific response level
➢ Initial factor analytic research yielded in two basic dimensions
○ Extraversion – introversion
○ Neuroticism
➢ Personality dimensions are independent of one another
, ➢ Extraverts are outgoing, impulsive, uninhibited, and sociable
➢ Introverts are quiet, introspective, reserved, and distant except to intimate
friends
➢ People high on neuroticism are unstable or highly emotional, easily upset,
and angered
➢ Individuals low on neuroticism are less prone to emotional swings.
➢ Psychoticism – Third super trait found by Eysenck
○ People on the high end of psychoticism are egocentric, aggressive,
and impersonal
A Biological Basis for Personality
➢ Eysenck’s arguments
○ Consistency of extraversion – introversion over time
○ Cross-cultural researches indicate the three dimensions of
personality
○ Genetics play a vital role in determining a person’s placement on the
personality dimensions
Physiological Differences: Stimulation Sensitivity and Behavioral
Activation/Inhibition Systems
➢ Sensitivity to stimulation
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