Exam (elaborations)
NR511 Final Exam 1 Questions with Solutions 2024
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Exam of 28 pages for the course NR511 at NR511 (NR511 Final Exam 1)
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NR511 Final Exam 1Abdominal pain can be caused by ________, __________, and _________ factors -
answer mechanical
inflammatory
ischemic
visceral pain caused by and is described as - answer distention or spasm of a hollow
viscus
generalized and dull
Parietal pain caused by and is described as - answer irritation of the peritoneum
sharp and localized
colicky abdominal pain described as and what can cause it - answer intermittent and
worsening
gallstones or renal stones
Burning abdominal pain caused by and is associated with - answerirritation of the
gastric mucosa by gastric contents
peptic ulcers and esophagitis
differential diagnosis for sudden onset abdominal pain - answermesenteric infarction
urinary stones
intestinal perforation
intestinal obstruction
pancreatitis
ectopic pregnancy
dissection/rupture of AAA
differential diagnosis for burning abdominal pain - answerpeptic ulcer disease
GERD
Gastritis
differential diagnosis for cramping abdominal pain - answerIBS
Inflammatory bowel disease (chrons, ulcerative colitis)
gastroenteritis
diverticulitis
salpingitis
,differential diagnosis for visceral abdominal pain - answerappendicitis
cholecystitis/cholelithiasis
what is ulcerative colitis - answerUlcerative inflammatory bowel disease, just in the
LARGE intestine, mucosal surface of the colon
parts of large intestine - answercecum, colon, rectum
areas typically affected in ulcerative colitis - answertypically rectosigmoid area but can
be whole colon , rectal
common symptom of ulcerative colitis - answerbloody diarrhea , purulent diarrhea
what changes to the tissues happen in ulcerative colitis - answerfriability, erosion,
bleeding
only complete treatment for ulcerative colitis - answertotal colectomy (not first line)
differences between flares and remissions in ulcerative colitis - answerflares - new
damage
remission - tissue trying to heal
suspected origin or cause of ulcerative colitis - answerT cell / autoimmune destruction
that is worsened by stress, diet
other symptoms of ulcerative colitis (besides blood / diarrhea) - answertenesmus, even
at night, cramping, may go >10 times per day
pattern / distribution of lesions in ulcerative colitis - answercontinuous , throughout (NOT
like Chrohn's which has skip lesions)
Where is the pain in ulcerative colitis? - answerLLQ
anti-inflammatory drugs used in ulcerative colitis - answersulfasalazine
mesalamine
immunosuppressive drugs used in ulcerative colitis - answersteroids
azathioprine
cyclosporine
If a patient with ulcerative colitis develops a fever...... - answerrefer to hospital, consider
toxic colitis , possible peritonitis
diagnostics for ulcerative colitis - answersigmoidoscopy
biopsy
, may need ESR, CRP (inflammatory markers), stool cultures (rule out pathogen)
what is always present in the stool of patients with ulcerative colitis - answerfecal
leukocytes
what diagnostic should not be done in ulcerative colitis - answerbarium enema - may
precipitate megacolon
what is diverticulitis - answerinflammation of the diverticula (small bulging pouches in
the lining of the intestine)
what is an important risk factor for diverticulitis - answerobesity
symptoms of diverticulitis - answerlocalized LLQ pain NOT associated with bleeding
fever/chills
tachycardia
anorexia, n, v
How do you rule out a gynecological issue vs bowel pathology ion females presernting
with symptoms of diverticulitis - answerCT scan with contrast
can rule out ovarian cyst/tumor or abdominal abscess
types of diverticulitis - answeruncomplicated
complicated - abscess, fistula, obstruction, perforation
diagnostics for diverticulitis - answerabdominopelvic CT with contrast
colonoscopy once improved after 1-3 months (to check for cancer)
treatment in diverticulitis - answerliquid diet or NPO (if severe)
ABX if needed
CT drainage of abscess if present
when are ABX given in diverticulitis - answerin complicated cases (abscess, fistula,
obstrxn, perforation or risk for)
antibiotics used in diverticulitis - answermetronidazole,
amoxicillin
moxifloxacin
treatment in complicated or recurrent diverticulitis - answercolectomy - segmental
what is the BEST management of diverticulitis (also the least invasive to the patient) -
answerhigh fiber diet
What is Clostridium difficile? - answerbacterial infection of large intestine
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