HESI PEDS CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
( LATEST ) ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% CORRECT
• HINT
Basic difference between cyanotic and acyanotic defects::
Answer:
Acyanotic: has abnormal circulation; however, all blood entering the systemic
circulation is OXYGENATED
Cyanotic: has abnormal circulation with UNOXYGENATED blood entering
systemic circulation
• CHF
Congestive HF is more often associated with defects:
Answer:
Acyanotic defects
• CHF
Condition in which the heart is unable to pump effectively the volume of blood
that is presented to it:
Answer:
Nursing assessment
Tachypnea, SOB
Tachy; difficulty feeding
Cyanosis
Grunting, wheezing, pulmonary congestion
Edema (face, eyes of infants), weight gain
Diaphoresis (**esp head**)
Hepatomegaly
• Hint
CHF is a common complication of congenital heart disease
It reflects the increased workload of the heart caused by shunts or obstructions
The two objectives in treating CHF:
Answer:
are to reduce the workload of the heart and increase CO
• Nursing plans and interventions CHF:
, Answer:
Monitor vitals; report signs of increasing distress
Assess resp functioning frequently
Elevate HOB or use infant seat
Administer Digoxin and diuretics as prescribed
Weigh frequently
Low sodium diet or formula
Gavage feed infants if unable to get adequate nutrition by mouth
Continue care for infant or child with congenital defect as indicated
• Rheumatic fever
inflammatory disease
A. rheumatic fever is the most common cause of ACQUIRED heart disease in
children. It usually affects the aortic and mitral valves of heart
B. rheumatic fever is associated with an antecedent betahemolytic streptococcal
infection
C. Rheumatic fever is a collagen disease the injures the HEART, BLOOD
VESSELS, JOINTS, and SQ tissue:
Answer:
Nursing assessment:
chest pain, SOB (carditis)
tachycardia, even during sleep
migratory large joint pain
chorea (irregular involuntary movements)
rash (erythema marginatum)
SQ nodules over bone prominences
Fever
Labs: elevated ESR; elevated ASO titer
• Congenital heart disorders
Heart anomalies that develop in UTERO and manifest at birth or shortly
Thereafter -they may be categorized as:
Answer:
ACYANOTIC: ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent
ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis (AS)
or CYANOTIC: tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosus, tranposition of great vessels:
Acyantotic include: L to R shunts or INCREASED PULMONARY blood flow
Obstructive defects Cyanotic include: R to L shunts or DECREASED pulmonary
blood flow Mixed blood flow
• ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS
**Ventricular septal defect (VSD; increased pulmonary blood flow)**
a. there is a HOLE between the ventricles
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