Exam (elaborations)
MICROBIOLOGY 213 TEST 1
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MICROBIOLOGY 213 TEST 1...
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Microbiology - ANSWER a specialized area of biology that deals withtiny life forms that are not readily observed without magnification
Microorganisms include - ANSWER Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa,
helminths, Algae
Prokaryotes - ANSWER Simple Cells
Eukaryotes - ANSWER Complex Cells
Viruses - ANSWER Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic
acid and protein
Photosynthesis - ANSWER Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material
Decomposition - ANSWER Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into
simple compounds
Biotechnology - ANSWER Production of foods, drugs, and vaccines
using living organisms
Genetic Engineering - ANSWER Manipulating the genes of organisms to
make new products
Bioremediation - ANSWER Using living organisms to remedy an
environmental problem
Biological insecticides - ANSWER Microbes that are fatal to insects and
are alternatives to chemical pesticides
Bacillus thuringiensis - ANSWER a biological insecticide
, Parasites - ANSWER live on or in the body of another organism called
the host and it damages the host
Normal microbiota - ANSWER Microbes normally present in and on the
human body. They prevent growth of pathogens and produce growth
factors such as folic acid and vitamin K
Pathogens - ANSWER Microbes that do harm.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER First to observe living microbes
Spontaneous generation - ANSWER forms of life could exist from vital
forces present in living or decomposing matter
Biogenesis - ANSWER living things can only arise from other living
things
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER demonstrated that living things are present in
the air, showed that yeast are responsible for fermentation, microbial
growth is responsible for spoilage of food. Invented pasteurization.
Pasteurization - ANSWER the application of high heat for a short time to
kill microbes
Joseph Lister - ANSWER used chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical
wound infections
Robert Koch - ANSWER Proved that a bacterium causes anthrax,
Koch's postulates, Identified cholera
Edward Jenner - ANSWER vaccination
Chemotherapy - ANSWER treatment with chemicals
antibiotics - ANSWER chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that
inhibit or kill other microbes
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