Class notes

The human circulatory system and blood vessels

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Course
Unit 1 - Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health

Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)

This note offers a clear, concise breakdown which focuses and provides essential information of the circulatory system, focusing on the structure and function of the blood vessels - arteries, veins and capillaries. This also explains their role in transporting blood around the body.

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Uploaded on October 8, 2024
Number of pages 11
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) N/a
Contains Blood vessels

red blood cells
valves
circulatory system
platelets
blood vessels
arteries and veins

Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Subject
Biology 2008
Unit
Unit 1 - Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health

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The Blood Vessels

➢ In the closed circulatory system blood flows continuously to the organs in tubes called blood
vessels.
➢ The blood vessels allow blood to be delivered rapidly and efficiently to all body cells.
➢ There are 5 types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.
➢ Draw a sketch to show the arrangement of these blood vessels in the human body:

➢ The main blood vessels are the arteries, veins and capillaries. These each have special features
that enable them to carry out their specific functions.

(1) The Arteries

➢ Carry blood at higher pressure away from the heart.
➢ The arteries have a special structure that enables them to carry blood at higher blood
pressure.
➢ Label the general parts of an artery on the diagram below:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

1

, ➢ The arteries leaving the heart branch off in every direction, and the lumen becomes smaller
the further the arteries are away from the heart.
➢ Blood is pumped out from the heart into the arteries at approximately 70 beats per minute.
➢ Each heartbeat sends a high-pressure flow of blood into the arteries.
➢ Arteries have many special features that enable them to carry blood at higher pressure, so
that they deliver molecules (oxygen, glucose, amino acids etc.) as rapidly as possible to meet
the metabolic demands of a multicellular animal.

(a) An outer layer: The Tunica Adventitia or Tunica Externa

➢

(b) A middle layer: The Tunica Media:

➢

(c) An inner layer: The Tunica Intima:

➢

(d) A hole in the middle: The lumen:

➢

2

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