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USABO PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION
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USABO PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION
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USABO PLANTFORM AND
FUNCTION
root system - Answers-the entire set of plant roots that anchor the plant, absorb and
transport minerals and water, and store food
shoot system - Answers-the aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves,
and (in angiosperms) flowers
photosynthate - Answers-a sugar or other product of photosynthesis
primary root - Answers-the first root (and organ) that emerges from a germinating seed
lateral root - Answers-a root that develops from the pericycle of an established root
taproot - Answers-a main vertical root that develops from the primary root (in eudicots)
and gives rise to lateral roots; enables the plant to grow taller by preventing toppling
node - Answers-a point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached
internode - Answers-a segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are
attached
apical bud - Answers-a bud at the tip of a plant stem; also called a terminal bud
axillary bud - Answers-a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or
branch; appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem
rhizome - Answers-a continuously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out
lateral shoots and adventitious roots at intervals
, stolon - Answers-a creeping horizontal plant stem or runner that takes root at points
along its length to form new plants
tuber - Answers-an enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon that is specialized for storing
food
blade - Answers-the thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight
petiole - Answers-the stalk of a leaf; joins the leaf to a node of the stem
midrib - Answers-a major vein characteristic of eudicots that runs down the center of the
blade of a leaf
periderm - Answers-the protective coat consisting of the cork cambium and cork that
replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth
trichome - Answers-a small hair or other outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant; serves
protective functions and prevents transpiration
stele - Answers-the central core of the stem and root of a vascular plant, consisting of
the vascular tissue and associated supporting tissue
vascular cylinder - Answers-the central vascular core of a plant root
vascular bundle - Answers-a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a
plant, typically with sclerenchyma fibers on the outside, phloem in the middle, and xylem
on the inside
pith - Answers-ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue
cortex - Answers-ground tissue external to the vascular tissue
parenchyma cell - Answers-(1) has a relatively thin and flexible primary cell wall
(2) lacks a secondary cell wall
(3) has a large central vacuole
(4) produces sugars and stores starch
(5) remains meristematic
(6) is polyhedral in shape
collenchyma cell - Answers-(1) is elongated
(2) has an unevenly thickened primary cell wall
(3) provides structural support without restraining growth
(4) is living and flexible
sclerenchyma cell - Answers-(1) has a thick, highly lignified secondary cell wall
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