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MEDS 530A Pathology Final Exam Questions And Correct Answers
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MEDS 530A Pathology Final Exam Questions AndCorrect Answers
A 60-year-old man with generalized atherosclerosis died after 24 hours of hemiplegia. At
autopsy, a cerebral infarct was present. Necrosis of the brain is classified as - ANSWER
Brain infarcts are characterized by liquefactive necrosis.
A 30-year-old woman with leukemia was subjected to therapy with bone marrow
transplantation. She subsequently developed a skin rash interpreted as a manifestation
of a graft-versus- host reaction. A biopsy of the skin was performed. In the epidermis,
scattered dead epidermal cells were present showing rounded contours with pyknotic
nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by - ANSWER Apoptosis:
Graft-versus-host-induced cell death in the epidermis is a form of apoptosis. It is
mediated by capsizes and other enzymes of the suicide pathway of "programmed cell
death.".
Uptake of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called - ANSWER
Uptake of bacteria and other exogenous particulate material into the phagosomes is
called phagocytosis.
A 90-year-old man died in a nursing home. During the past 10 years, he was unable to
care for himself and was mentally incoherent. He had no memory and could not hold a
conversation. He was unaware of his surroundings. At autopsy, the brain showed
changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease, with neurons containing many
neurofibrillary tangles. Which of the following constitutes these cytoplasmic structures?
- ANSWER Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of microtubule-associated proteins and
neurofilaments, which constitute the cytoskeleton of nerve cells.
Continuous expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic factor in the myocardial cells of
the left ventricle is usually the result of - ANS Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is
synthesized during fetal life both by atrial and ventricular cells of heart. After birth, the
ANF gene continues to be expressed only in the atrium but is expressed in the
ventricular cells that undergo hypertrophy. The most common cause of ventricular
hypertrophy is arterial hypertension.
, A 28-year-old male was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary emphysema.
The liver cells contained globular inclusions in their cytoplasm, which by electron
microscopy are shown to be located inside the - ANSWER The clinical history, i.e., the
concurrence of cirrhosis and pulmonary emphysema, suggests that this young man has
1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. These globules within the liver cells are the misfolded
AAT which cannot be excreted from the liver cells and remains inside the liver cells in
the dilated cistern of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which is acting against the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins? -
ANSWER Insulin acts against the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins,
while all the other hormones and mediators of inflammation listed here accelerate the
process.
A 60-year-old obese man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of alcoholism. He
has diabetes mellitus. A liver biopsy was done and the specimen showed that the liver
cells contain increased amounts of - ANSWER The three most common causes of fatty
liver are obesity, alcoholism, and diabetes mellitus. Fat is stored in the liver cells
predominantly in the form of triglycerides.
A 55-year-old male on renal dialysis was admitted for evaluation of nausea and vomiting.
A gastric biopsy was done. The gastric mucosa contained foci of amorphous, bluish
(basophilic) material forming aggregates 10-20 μm in diameter. These aggregates were
seen mostly in the stroma between the foveolar cells. No other abnormality was seen,
and the pathologist concluded that these changes represent evidence of - ANSWER
Bluish material in the stoma of the stomach represents foci of calcification. In patients
who have chronic renal disease, such calcifications occur in the stomach, the lungs, or
the kidneys, and are classified as metastatic. Metastatic calcifications occur in patients
with hypercalcemia; in this patient it was most likely due to secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Transmembrane adhesive heterodimeric proteins consist of an and a ß chain expressed
on activated leukocytes during inflammation. They bind primarily to intercellular
adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), both of
which belong to the family of proteins known as - ANSWER Surface proteins expressed
on activated leukocytes are integrins, and they bind to intercellular adhesion molecule 1
(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which belong to the
immunoglobulin family of proteins.
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