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Astro 7N PSU Exam 1 WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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Astro 7N PSU Exam 1 WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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EUNICEAstro 7N PSU Exam 1 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Terms in this set (65)
Newton's 1st Law An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force
Newton's 2nd Law F=ma
Newton's 3rd Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Strength of Gravity g=M/(R^2)
Force of Gravity F=(M1M2/(D^2))
East to West
Sun's Movement
Due to Earth's rotation
New --> Waxing Crescent --> First Quarter --> Waking Gibbous --> Full --> Waning
Phase Order of the Moon
Gibbous --> Third Quarter --> Waning Crescent --> New
Full Moon Sun--Earth--Moon
New Moon Sun--Moon--Earth
Large defined area in the sky
Constellation
There are 88
Forms of Light Gamma, X-Ray, UV, Visible, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
Short wavelength
Bluer Color
High frequency
Long wavelength
Redder Color
Low frequency
Continuum Spectrum Light at all wavelengths
Shows dark lines in the spectrum at certain wavelengths
Absorption Spectrum
Produced by a gas cloud in front of a light source
Dark lines in the spectrum at certain wavelengths
Absorption Line Produced when photons are absorbed by electrons and the electrons move from a
lower to higher energy level
1/5
, Bright lines at specific wavelengths
Emission Line Due to emission of photons from atoms
Produced when electrons jump from higher to lower energy levels
Important quality of a telescope
Light-Gathering Power
Amount of light a telescope can gather
Angular Resolution The ability of a telescope to distinguish two nearby light sources
Certain kinds of radiation can't get through the atmosphere so we can't see a clear
Atmospheric Problems picture from a telescope on the ground
Atmosphere blurs
Kepler's 1st Law The planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits
A planet's speed is fastest when its closest to the sun and slowest when its farthest
Kepler's 2nd Law
away
Perihelion Orbital point nearest the sun
Aphelion Orbital point farthest away from the sun
P^2=a^3
Kepler's 3rd Law P= orbital period
a= semimajor axis (average distance from the sun in AU)
Smaller than Earth
Extremely high temp on day side and extremely low temp on night side
Lack of atmosphere
Mercury
Many craters
Long day- 59 Earth days to rotate
Short year- 88 Earth days to orbit Sun
Longer day (243 days) than its year (225 days)
Rotates clockwise unlike most other planets
Venus
Dense atmosphere with mostly CO2
Very hot surface due to greenhouse gases
Earth Thick atmosphere composed of N2 and O2
Similar day and night schedule to Earth
Half of Earth's diameter and 1/10 Earth's mass
Mars Thin atmosphere
Cool surface temp (-65C)
2 moons
Few kilometers in size
Made of ice and dust from solar system formation
Comets
Highly elliptical orbits
Move slowly across the sky
Made of rocks left over from planet formation
Slightly elliptical orbit
Asteroids
Most are less than 1km
Move slowly across the sky
Tiny dust particles or grains
Less than 1cm in size
Meteor
Streak across the sky quickly
Occur when an asteroid crosses Earth's orbit
Meteorite A piece of meteor that survives atmospheric entry and lands on Earth
2/5
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