Exam (elaborations)
PPN 301 – NEWBORN ASSESSMENT AND CARE
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PPN 301 – NEWBORN ASSESSMENTAND CARE
identity vs identity diffusion - ANSWER the period of age where their
identity is spread out, not solid/together. They have diff identities, and
not yet able to make sense of who they are
chemical factors to establishing & maintaining respirations - ANSWER -
stimulation of respiratory centre
- activation of chemoreceptors in carotid arteries
thermal factors to establishing & maintaining respirations - ANSWER -
decrease extrauterine environment
- stimulate receptors in the skin which stimulates respiratory centre
mechanical factors to establishing & maintaining respirations - ANSWER
- changes in intrathoracic pressure
- crying of baby to distribute air in the lungs
sensory factors to establishing & maintaining respirations - ANSWER -
handling or drying the newborn
- using external stimuli to stimulate respiratory centre
- pain associated w/ birth
umbilical veins transport - ANSWER oxygenated blood
umbilical arteries transport - ANSWER deoxygenated blood
ductus arteriosus is the connection b/w ... - ANSWER the pulmonary
artery & aorta. It should close within 24-28 hrs, if not, surgical
intervention is needed
foramen ovale is - ANSWER connects two atria in fetal heart
what circulatory changes occur after birth? - ANSWER - expansion of
lungs to increase BP
,- decreased shunting of blood to ductus arteriosus & closure of ductus
arteriosus
- increased pressure in L atrium to lower pressure in R atrium
which regulation is most critical to a newborn's survival? - ANSWER
heat regulation is most critical
why are fetuses more susceptible to hypothermia? - ANSWER - larger
body surface
- less fat
- no sweating/shivering mechanisms
- blood vessels closer to skin surface
what is goal of care in relation to thermoregulation for newborn? -
ANSWER maintain a neutral thermal environment, in which *heat
balance is maintained*
what is ideal body temp for newborn? - ANSWER 36.4-37.2
body evaporation - ANSWER loss of heat when water evaporates from
skin & resp tract
body conduction - ANSWER direct contact heat loss from body surface
to cooler surfaces
body radiation - ANSWER proximal heat loss to to surrounding cold
objects
body convection - ANSWER heat loss from body to surrounding, cooler,
air
how to help newborn with evaporation heat loss - ANSWER dry baby
quickly & remove wet towels/blankets
how to help newborn w/ conduction heat loss - ANSWER - pre-warm
surfaces baby is going to touch
- provide covers on surfaces that baby is going to touch (ex; scale)
- skin to skin contact w/ warm surface (ex; body heat of mom)
, how to help newborn w/ radiation heat loss - ANSWER - keep surfaces
baby will touch away from outside walls/windows
- dress baby
- avoid exposing newborn to airdrafts
how to help newborn w/ convection heat loss - ANSWER - ensure room
temp is adequate (b/w 22-26)
- cover baby's head
- dress baby
what happens when baby experiences cold stress - ANSWER oxygen
consumption increases, but oxygen uptake to lungs & tissues decrease,
leading to metabolic acidosis
what happens during newborns first period of reactivity - ANSWER -
lasts up to 30 mins
- HR increases
- RR become irregular
- decrease in motor activity
how long should decreased responsiveness last for post birth? -
ANSWER 60-100 mins
what happens during newborns second period of reactivity - ANSWER -
lasts 10 mins - several hours
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- meconium passed
- increased muscle tone
- skin color change
- mucus production
common newborn assessment tool is - ANSWER APGAR
what does APGAR stand for? - ANSWER - Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
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