PPN 303 W10; Partnering with Children/Youth or Older
Adults Experiencing Mental Health & Substance Use
Conditions
Key Factors that Promote Mental Health for Children & Youth -
ANSWER -Positive Adult Relationships
-Secure Attachment to the primary caregiver
-Supportive Home/School/Community Environment
-General Health (nutrition, safety, security, social and physical
development)
-Supportive Social Networks
-Positive Childhood & Adolescent Experiences (Ex. Playing sports, with
friends → Promotes mental health)
Grief & Loss Developmental Considerations for preschool-aged, school-
aged, adolescents - ANSWER Preschool-aged
-React more to parents' distress
-Need reassurance
-Avoid euphemisms (e.g., "he went to sleep") bc at this age, kids can not
think abstractly. They need to learn by talking about death (may use
concrete examples - ex. Plants, animals, etc.)
, -May have an idealized/romantic idea of death (risk for fantasy -
appropriate for teenagers)
-If a parent is dead, may assume parental role
Across all ages, death should be addressed, but do NOT use: -
ANSWER metaphors/euphemisms
Define Physical Illness - ANSWER -Perception of an event will influence
the family's ability to cope.
-Chronic physical illness is linked to emotional/behavioural problems.
Common childhood reactions include: - ANSWER -Regression in
milestones
Ex. Bedwetting (how they deal with that stress)
-Sleep and feeding difficulties
-Behaviour problems
-Somatic complaints
-Depression
What are Protective Factors? - ANSWER -Individual attributes, such as
problem-solving skills, sense of self-efficacy, accurate processing of
interpersonal cues, positive social orientation, and self-regulation
-A supportive family environment, including attachment with adults in the
family, Sibling relationships, low family conflict, and supportive
relationships
-Environmental supports, including those that reinforce and support
coping efforts and recognize and reward competence (Ex. toronto is
surrounded by concrete & lack trees + nature)
Risk Factors for Poor Mental Health - ANSWER -Poverty and
homelessness (Poverty is a risk factor for family violence)
-Child abuse and neglect (Table 29-3)
-Children in care (Box 29-3)
-Children with parents who are struggling with substance use disorders
or mental illnesses.
Adolescent Risk-Taking Behaviours and Interventions: - ANSWER Many
adolescents experiment with risk-taking behaviours, such as smoking,
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