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A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that __________. A) people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviors B) a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable C) a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors D) a ...

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  • October 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PSYC 1200 Final Exam Study Guide || with Errorless
Solutions 100%.
A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that __________.

A) people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviors
B) a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable
C) a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors
D) a person's future behavior is often difficult to predict accurately correct answers B) a
particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable

Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming. To
be consistent with a scientific method, students should develop their hypotheses based on
__________.

A) their own existing beliefs about the issue
B) reports discussed on television
C) untestable predictions
D) a well-supported scientific theory correct answers D) a well-supported scientific theory

Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate
of other machines. When Curtis questioned such a claim with the manufacturer, the customer
service representative stated this was a new system and previous research on weight loss was not
applicable. This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?

A) evasion of peer review
B) absence of connectivity
C) overreliance on anecdotes
D) lack of self-correction correct answers B) absence of connectivity

Assuming that something is true simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so, is an
example of the __________ fallacy.

A) appeal to authority
B) circular reasoning
C) hasty generalization
D) naturalistic correct answers A) appeal to authority

Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory.
After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the
competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a
characteristic of __________.

A) dogmatism
B) gullibility

,C) pathological skepticism
D) scientific skepticism correct answers D) scientific skepticism

An astute observer of human nature should state research questions in a manner that leads either
to their being supported or refuted by the available evidence. This is the critical thinking
principle of __________.

A) falsifiability
B) Occam's Razor
C) replicability
D) ruling out rival hypotheses correct answers A) falsifiability

A classmate tells you the following, "It's not how a teacher answers your question that matters
but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or
unsatisfied with his or her answer." This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of
thought known as __________.

A) behaviorism
B) cognitivism
C) psychoanalysis
D) structuralism correct answers B) cognitivism

A __________ psychologist works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and
assist in rehabilitation.

A) clinical
B) school
C) biological
D) forensic correct answers D) forensic

Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will?

A) most of people's behavior is deliberate and controlled
B) people often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior
C) recent brain imaging studies have shown that readiness potential and conscious intention to
behave co-occur
D) we select when, where, and how to assert our option to engage in one behavior rather than in
another correct answers B) People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior

What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?

A) William James
B) Carl Rogers
C) B.F. Skinner
D) John Watson correct answers D) John Watson

,When a researcher tests his or her hypothesis, he or she is often hoping to gather information that
is consistent with a particular theory. What, more specifically, allows a researcher to say that he
or she as "proven" a theory?

A) any time a hypothesis is confirmed, a theory is automatically "proven"
B) any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms at least one other
theory, a theory has been "proven"
C) any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms all other known
theories, a theory has been "proven"
D) a researcher is never able to say that he or she has "proven" a theory correct answers D) A
researcher is never able to say that he or she has "proven" a theory

Dr. Potter, an English professor, is curious about his students' attitudes toward one of his favorite
books. What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?

A) survey
B) case study
C) experiment
D) naturalistic observation correct answers A) survey

A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two
variables is called a __________.

A) bar graph
B) frequency polygon
C) histogram
D) Scatterplot correct answers D) Scatterplot

Ryan, a professional bass fisherman, is trying to determine which lure is most effective on
Wakeby Lake: the plastic worm he normally uses or the new minnow-style lure he bought
yesterday. Based on this scenario, what would constitute the control?

A) the new minnow lure
B) the plastic worm
C) neither the minnow nor the worm
D) there is no control correct answers B) the plastic worm

The __________ variable is what the researcher "manipulates," or varies, in an experimental
study

A) control
B) dependent
C) operational
D) independent correct answers D) independent

, Students of psychology are often frustrated because there are very few, if any, clear-cut answers
to many of their questions. What is the primary limiting factor in obtaining first-hand knowledge
of questions such as the long-term effects of child abuse or the effects of smoking marijuana on a
pregnancy?

A) most people in the general public are not concerned with these issues
B) It is difficult to find people who are victims of abuse or mothers who smoke marijuana during
pregnancy
C) ethical guidelines in research prevent psychologists from carrying out many of these studies
D) Institutional review boards encourage participation in studies that may be harmful to
participants either mentally or physically correct answers C) ethical guidelines in research
prevent psychologists from carrying out many of these studies

Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the
data that they collect?

A) predictive statistics
B) constructive statistics
C) descriptive statistics
D) computational statistics correct answers C) descriptive statistics

A therapist wishes to show that his new therapy is a marked improvement over the current best
available therapy. To do so he examines the number of participants who improved with each. A
total of 125 participants received his treatment (and 100 of them improved). A total of 80
participants received the alternative treatment (and 64 of them improved). What should the
therapist conclude?

A) his treatment is superior to the alternative because 100 is greater than 64
B) his treatment is no better than the alternative because the percentages are the same
C) his treatment is inferior because the percentages are the same
D) his treatment is superior because it included 125 people as opposed to 80 correct answers B)
his treatment is no better than the alternative because the percentages are the same

The peer review process is designed to __________.

A) block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public
B) identify flaws in a research study's methods, findings, and conclusions
C) make researchers feel bad when their article is not published
D) place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science correct
answers B) identify flaws in a research study's methods, findings, and conclusions

A key factor to consider when reading about the results of a study on the Internet, in a
newspaper, or in a news magazine is to __________.

A) consider the source of the information
B) determine how well it fits with what others have told you in the past

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