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UNITEK LVN - Term 2 - Hematologic System and Disorders Questions and Answers 100% Solved
UNITEK LVN - Term 2 - Hematologic System and Disorders
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UNITEK LVN - Term 2 - HematologicSystem and Disorders
primary functions of the hematologic system - answer1. oxygenation
2. hemostasis (controlling bleeding)
bone marrow - answer- spongy center
- RBC and platelets are made
- vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, long bones of legs
kidneys - answer- located in back of abdominal cavity to right and left of aorta and
inferior vena cava
- manufactures hematopoietic in response to hypoxia
- stimulates productions of RBCs in bone marrow
liver - answer- located in upper right quadrant of abdomen, under rib cage below
diaphragm
- manufactures clothing factors
- clears old and damaged RBCs from circulation
spleen - answer- upper left quadrant of abdomen
- removes old RBCs from circulation
blood - answer- mixture of RBCs, platelets, clotting factors, plasma, WBCs, proteins,
electrolytes, hormones, enyzmes
- transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
- maintains hemostasis
- 6L in a healthy adult
erythrocytes - answer- released in bone marrow → transport o2 from lungs → tissues →
carbon dioxide from tissues → lungs
- flexible membrane, disk shaped, bioconcaved
- old RBCs filtered out of circulation by liver and spleen after 120 days
- type AB blood = both A and B antigens
- type O blood = neither A or B antigens
platelets - answer- produced in bone marrow
- activate blood-clotting system (forms a platelet plug)
- clotting mechanisms activated → repairs itself
- life span = 10 days (after being released in bone marrow)
, clotting factors - answerplatelets activate blood-clotting system → several clotting
factors activated
- numbered 1-XIII
- fibrinogen = factor I
- thrombin = factor II
- form fibrin matrix over wounded area
plasma - answer- clear, straw colored fluid
- carries RBCs, platelets, clotting factors
- primarily water
- major components = proteins, albumin, globulins
oxygenation - answer- transport O2 from the lungs → tissues
- carries CO1 from tissues → lungs (for excretion)
hemostasis - answer1. blood vessel constricts (bleeding reduced)
2. platelets adhere to injured blood vessel (forms unstable platelet plug)
3. coagulation cascade (formation of fibrin matrix, aka scab)
blood clot formation: stage 1 - answer- injury occurs to: vessel (intrinsic pathway) or
tissue (extrinsic pathway)
- vessel constricts
- platelets release platelet factor
- platelet factors attract more platelets
- platelets collect around wound
- prothrombin activator is formdd
blood clot formation: stage 2 - answerthromboplastin
- converts prothrombin → thrombin
blood clot formation: stage 3 - answerthrombin
- converts fibrinogen → fibrin threads
fibrin threads
- tangle with platelets and trap red blood cells → clot is formed → clot stabilizes,
retracts, hardens
blood clot formation: stage 4 - answerplasminogen → plasmin → plasmin breaks clot
into fibrin split products → dissolving clot
age-related changes - answer- bone marrow = less productive with age
- hematologic function = not affected significantly (unless trauma, chronic illness,
treatment for cancer present)
- bone marrow can response to increased demand, given time
health history - answer- reasons for seeking care = Bruising, prolonged bleeding,
chronic fatigue
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