100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Mallery BIL150 exam 1- ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED. $14.99
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. BIL150
  4.  
  5. BIL150

Exam (elaborations)

Mallery BIL150 exam 1- ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED.
 0 purchase
  • Course
  • BIL150
  • Institution
  • BIL150

Lecture presented possible scenarios for the origin of the chemicals necessary for the evolution of early life on Earth. The 3 major hypotheses of the origins of life and cells are? correct answers 1 .Chemical Evolution 2. Astrobiological 3.Supreme Being (non-testable) Radioisotope dating using...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 21  pages

Document information

  • October 9, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • lecture presented possible scenarios for the origi

Written for

  • BIL150
  • BIL150

Seller

avatar-seller
ProPerfomer

Reviews received

Content preview

Mallery BIL150 exam 1- ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED.
Lecture presented possible scenarios for the origin of the chemicals necessary for the
evolution of early life on Earth. The 3 major hypotheses of the origins of life and cells are?
correct answers 1 .Chemical Evolution
2. Astrobiological 3.Supreme Being (non-testable)

Radioisotope dating using 235U decay indicates that the Earth is
around______________________________old and that life originated between correct
answers 4.0 and 4.5 billion years old

life originated about 3.5 billion years ago

Conditions on the primitive Earth are thought to have favored the spontaneous formation of
organic monomers, the linking of these monomers into polymers, the development of self-
replicating molecules, and the grouping of aggregates of organic molecules into droplets
called correct answers protobionts

Consider the Stanley Miller apparatus. What was it meant to simulate correct answers early
earth-like conditions

What molecules are found in the reaction vesicle labeled A (top) correct answers methane,
ammonia, hydrogen, and water

the atmosphere inside the vessel "A." (top) is described as a chemically correct answers
reducing

Miller & Urey's atmosphere was probably more strongly reducing than the actual atmosphere
of early Earth. Volcanoes today emit CO, CO2, and N2 and it is likely they were also
abundant.

in the sample vesicle which they tested for various types of chemical made...what molecules
did they find in "B (flask on bottom) correct answers Hydrogen cyanide,f ormaldehyde, and
many organic molecules, including amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars.

At the end of one week, Miller observed that as much as 10-15% of the carbon was now in
the form of organic compounds. Two percent of the carbon had formed some of the amino
acids. Perhaps most importantly, Miller's experiment showed that organic compounds such as
amino acids, which are essential to cellular life, could be made easily under the conditions
that scientists believed to be present on the early earth. The formaldehyde can spontaneously
react to form a variety of sugars, including the five-carbon sugars fundamental to the
formation of nucleic acids and such six-carbon sugars as glucose and fructose

in 1961, Juan Oro found that correct answers Juan Oro found that amino acids could be made
from hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia in an aqueous solution. He also found that his
experiment produced an amazing amount of the nucleotide base, adenine. Adenine is of
tremendous biological significance as an organic compound because it is one of the four
bases in RNA and DNA. It is also a component of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which is a
major energy releasing molecule in cells. Experiments conducted later showed that the other

,RNA and DNA bases could be obtained through simulated prebiotic chemistry with a
reducing atmosphere

in miller experiment, what energy source(s) were provided, and what was it likely meant to
simulate? correct answers An electrode.

energy Sources on primitive Earth, especially electricity in the form of lightning. While it is
believed lightning storms were extremely common on the primitive Earth, they were not
continuous as the Miller/Urey experiment portrayed.Subsequent experiments have substituted
ultraviolet light or heat as the energy source On the early Earth there was much more energy
available in ultraviolet light than in lightning discharges

How might each of the molecules made in the Miller/Urey apparatus have contributed to the
formation of early cells? correct answers All of these organics are extremely common
metabolites and structural building blocks in contemporary organisms. Furthermore, the
nucleotide bases as well as porphyrins have been produced in the laboratory under simulated
primitive Earth conditions by several investigators. While there is still debate on the
generality of the experimental synthetic pathways and on the stability of the molecules
produced, most if not all of the essential building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, and
nucleic acids can be readily produced under quite general primitive reducing conditions

What is an abiotic molecule? correct answers abiotic components Nonliving chemical and
physical factors in the environment

What is the definition of a biological macromolecule? correct answers biotic -a giant
molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction.
Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules that makeup living
organisms

examples of
1. nucleic acid
2. protein
3. carbohydrate
4. lipid correct answers 1. nucleic acid
a. deoxyribonucleic acid
b. ribonucleic acid

2. protein
a. albumin
b. petidase

3. carbohydrate
a. glucose, etc
b. sucrose

4. lipid
a. triglyceride
b. phospholipids

Where did the Chemicals of Life come from?

, This idea is often known as correct answers Panspermia

Pose an experimentally testable research question that might help to determine whether this
idea might be correct. Have your Learning Community critique the experiment. Is the
experiment really testable? correct answers Determine if the precursor chemicals of life on
Earth (amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides) exist on other planetary bodies in the Universe,
such as planets like Mars

Possible extraterrestrial sources of early organic molecules that may have lead to life include:
correct answers comets
meteorites
asteroids

science vs religious belief correct answers The difference between science and religious
belief is that science is experimentally testable. At present, the existence of a divine creation
is not experimentally testable and therefore is in the realm of faith.

What are the differences between a hypothesis that is scientifically verifiable and one that is
not? correct answers A hypothesis in science is a supposition, conjecture, guess, postulate,
premise, proposition, speculation, supposition, thesis, or theory made as basis for reasoning
that is testable by experiment.It is a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is
not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena.A hypothesis is an
idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts, has not yet been proved, but
is subject to experimental testing.A hypothesisis a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
In the scientific method, a hypothesis should be falsifiable, meaning that it can be disproved
by further observation

besides an extraterrestrial possible source for early cells and life, or its molecules, there is
another terrestrial (Earth origin) source of primitive organic molecules for the chemical
evolution of life. These sources are found in the deep sea in areas referred to as _ correct
answers hydrothermal vents

The currently accepted paradigm suggests that there were at least 4-steps or stages that
contributed to the chemical evolution of life: correct answers 1. the abiotic synthesis of small
organicmonomer precursors of today's macromolecules

2. the joining of small organic monomers into polymers

3. the origin of heredity via complementary templating molecules

4. and the packaging of these molecules into membrane-like enclosed bodies called
protobionts

In 1998 Robert Hazen's lab showed that minerals such as feldspar, magnetite, clay, and
calcite may be able to play roles in allowing primitive organic molecules to react with each
other,chemically forming morecomplexmolecules. This is primarily because these minerals
provide correct answers 1. scaffolding support... minerals provides surfaces as an easy way to
assemble molecules in dilute solution by concentrating the molecules on a flat surface

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ProPerfomer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

69052 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$14.99
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added