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PUH 210- Module 8- PUH And Cancer Exam Study Guide
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PUH 210- Module 8- PUH AndCancer Exam Study Guide
Define incidence - Answer new cases
Why is lung & bronchus cancer decreasing in males but increasing in females? - Answer
-Maybe we are putting more focus on decreasing smoking in men than women
-Maybe something has happened technologically and we are able to detect earlier cases
Define cancer - Answer -Characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal
cells
-Multi-step and multi-mutation process
-genetic disease: caused by changes in the DNA/genes
6 essential features of cancer cells - Answer 1. Ability to divide in the absence of growth
signals
2. Capacity to ignore anti-growth signals
3. Ability to avoid apoptosis
4. Ability to divide indefinitely
5. Produces signals to promote blood vessel growth. This process is angiogenesis
6. Ability to break away from the tissue of origin (referred to as metastasis)
Define apoptosis - Answer programmed cell death
Define angiogenesis - Answer formation of new blood vessels
Define metastasis - Answer The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
3 main forms of metastasis - Answer localized, regional, and distant
Why is cancer screening so important? - Answer When at a localized stage (place of
origin, gathered in one spot) you can easily treat. But once they start moving regionally,
it becomes more difficult bc it is spreading through the body and invading more organs
(stage 3 or 4)
Cancer-promoting mutations include... - Answer 1. gain of function
2. loss of function
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