2. Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases - Organic Chemistry (McMurry) Exam Questions And Answers Verified Guaranteed.
8 views 0 purchase
Course
MCMURRY
Institution
MCMURRY
Polar covalent bond - correct answer Unsymmetrical electron distribution in a covalent bond.
Are directional (due to set bond angles).
Polarity - correct answer Implies separation of charge.
Dipole moment - correct ans...
Polar covalent bond - correct answer Unsymmetrical electron distribution in a
covalent bond.
Are directional (due to set bond angles).
Polarity - correct answer Implies separation of charge.
Dipole moment - correct answer A measure of the net polarity of a molecule. A
dipole moment arises when the centers of mass of positive and negative charges within a molecule do
not coincide.
Electronegativity (EN) - correct answer The ability of an atom to attract electrons in
a covalent bond. Electronegativity increases across the periodic table from left to right and from bottom
to top.
Inductive effects - correct answer The electron-attracting or electron-withdrawing
effect transmitted through sigma bonds. Electronegative elements have an electron-withdrawing
inductive effect.
Formal Charge - correct answer The difference in the number of electrons owned by
an atom in a molecule and by the same atom in its elemental state.
Resonance Structures - correct answer Differ only in the placement of valence
electrons. NO ATOMS SHIFT POSITION! A double headed arrow is used to indicate resonance structures.
True structure is a superposition of all resonance structures on each other; sometimes called the
resonance hybrid.
, Bronsted-Lowry Base - correct answer Proton acceptor.
Organic acid - correct answer Contain a positively charged polarized hydrogen
atom. These typically include a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom or a hydrogen atom bonded
to a carbon atom that is adjacent to an electron-withdrawing group such as C=O.
Organic base - correct answer Contain an atom with a lone pair of electrons that
can bond to a proton. These typically include compounds with a nitrogen or an oxygen atom.
Lewis acid - correct answer A substance with a vacant low-energy orbital that can
accept an electron pair from a base. All electro- philes are Lewis acids.
Lewis base - correct answer A substance that donates an electron lone pair to an
acid. All nucleophiles are Lewis bases.
Noncovalent Interactions - correct answer One of a variety of non-bonding
interactions between molecules, such as dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds.
Dipole-dipole forces - correct answer Both attractive and repulsive, occur between
polar molecules resulting from dipole electrostatic interactions.
Dispersion forces - correct answer Found between all neighboring molecules, are
due to the constantly changing electron distribution within molecules.
Hydrogen Bond - correct answer An attractive interaction that forms between a
hydrogen atom bonded to an O, N, or F atom, and the lone pair electrons on another O, N, or F atom.
(Remember "F.O.N")
Acidity Constant (Ka) - correct answer A measure of acid strength. For any acid HA,
the acidity constant is given by the expression:
Conjugate Acid - correct answer The product that results from
protonation of a Brønsted-Lowry base.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller RealGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
