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ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby ||Complete A+ Guide
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ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby ||Complete A+ Guide

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  • October 9, 2024
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TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT:
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INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND
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FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL
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DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO
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GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS ISBN-10;
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1719645930 / ISBN-13;978-1719645935
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
v


Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
v v v v v v v

A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
v v v v v v v v v v v v v

A. Methodical and systematic v v


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language v v v v v v v


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
v v v v v v


D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statementsv v v v v v




3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
v v v v v v v v v v v


A. Chief complaint v


B. History of the present illness v v v v


C. Current vital signs v v


D. All of the above are essential history components
v v v v v v v




4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v

able to:v v


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings v v v v v


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
v v v v v v v v v v v v


C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions v v v v v v v v v


D. Foresee unpredictable findings v v




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
v v v v v v v v v v v

A. Evidence-based investigations v


B. Primary reports of research v v v


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience v v v v v


D. Published meta-analyses v




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
v v v v v v v v v v


A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article v v v v v v


B. Clinical practice guidelines v v


C. Evidence-based research v


D. All of the above v v v




7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
v v v v v v v v v

A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above v v v

, 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
v v v v v v v v v


A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
v v v v v v v v v


C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
v v v v v v v v v v v




9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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v 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
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mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or
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patients?
v


A. Clinical practice guideline
v v


B. Clinical decision rule v v


C. Clinical algorithm v


D. Clinical recommendation v

, Answer Section
v




MULTIPLE CHOICE
v




1. ANS: B v v


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
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analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the
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experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors.
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In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability
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with rare errors.
v v v




PTS: 1
2. ANS: D v v


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather
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than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C v v


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


history.
v




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D v v


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
v v v v v v v v v v v v


normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
v v v v v v v v v




PTS: 1
5. ANS: C v v


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
v v v v v v v v v v v


meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available
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for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to
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base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning
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be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
v v v v v v




PTS: 1
6. ANS: D v v


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed
v v v v v v v v v v v v


to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


clinical reasoning when properly applied.
v v v v v

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