NURS 5315: Exam 3 Concept and Clinical
Conditions (Part I Cardiovascular System) Exam |
Questions with Answers Verified 100% Correct
What is another term for Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)? - ✔✔Afterload
The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood
volume out into systemic circulation is called? - ✔✔Afterload
The amount of blood in a chamber after filling and before systole? - ✔✔End-diastolic volume
The volume of blood remaining in the heart after each systole (contraction)? - ✔✔End-
systolic volume
When a part of the heart contracts, is it depolarizing or repolarizing? - ✔✔Depolarizing
What is the normal range for MAP? - ✔✔70-100 mmHg
What is the formula for arterial pressure? - ✔✔cardiac output x peripheral resistance
The average pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle is called the ____? - ✔✔Mean
Arterial Pressure (MAP)
A SBP > or = ____ or a MAP > or = ____ is needed to ensure adequate perfusion to the organs -
✔✔90, 70
,Peripheral vascular resistance (Systemic Vascular Resistance SVR) is directly related to what
aspect of the arteries? - ✔✔Diameter of the arteries
What abbreviation represents the flow of blood to the lungs? - ✔✔QP
What abbreviation represents the flow of blood to the body? - ✔✔QS
Does Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) increase or decrease as you age and why? -
✔✔Pulmonary Vascular Resistance decreases as you age because as your lungs become
more developed, there is less resistance to accomplish breathing.
Does Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) increase or decrease as you age and why? -
✔✔Systemic vascular resistance increases as you age because as you get older and larger
your heart has to work harder to push blood through a larger body.
What factors effect PVR and SVR? (5) - ✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System
Local tissue metabolism
Hormone responses
Changes in chemical environment
Compliance = change in Volume / change in pressure
What factors contribute to the blood flow in a blood vessel? (4) - ✔✔Pressure differences (a
change in Pressure between two ends of a vessel)
Resistance (diameter of vessel)
Viscosity (how thick is the blood)
, Length (how long is the vessel)
How does the amount of intercellular calcium effect contraction in the heart? - ✔✔The
greater the amount of intracellular calcium, the stronger the contraction
Explain the the proceeds of cardiac contraction and relaxation including the role of actin,
myosin, and troponin? - ✔✔Calcium interacts with tropinin C which causes tropomyosin
(draped around actin) to move this allowing actin and myosin to work together to cause
contraction
What is composed on the Myosin Filament/Myosin molecule? - ✔✔Tail: 2 polypeptide chains
wrapped in a spiral forming a double helix
Head: globular peptide with associated light chains
The flexible hinge and arm connected to the myosin head (where myosin head bind to actin) it
called the ____? - ✔✔Cross body Bridge
What is the power stroke? - ✔✔The movement of myosin head while attached to actin
myofilament
The process of cardiac muscle contraction when the Z disc pulls filaments together at the
sarcomeres requires what to be put into action? - ✔✔ATP
How does Epinephrine effect the Cardiovascular System? - ✔✔Increases HR, smooth muscle
contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, increases systolic BP, mild increase in
Diastolic BP.
(Catecholamines increase the activity of the calcium channel pump in the Sarcoplasmic
reticulum, therefore increasing the release of calcium from the SR)
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