UNIT 3. SPORTS LEADERSHIP. (A&B) MERIT. BTEC LEVEL III SPORT
physiology - (ANSWER)study of the way that the body responds to exercise and training
calcium - (ANSWER)a mineral essential for bone growth and found in a wide range of foods
including milk, chesse, nuts and beans
osteoblasts - (ANSWER)specialised bone cells that build new bone tissue
osteoclasts - (ANSWER)large nucleated cells that destroy bone cells, reabsorb calcium and play
a major role in bone remodelling
anticipatory rise - (ANSWER)a minor increase in breathing rate prior to exercise
alveolar ventilation - (ANSWER)tidal volume minus dead space (air that remains in tracgea,
bronchi, etc)
partial pressure - (ANSWER)pressure applied by a single gas in a mixture of gases
haemoglobin - (ANSWER)oxygen transporting component of red blood cells
lactate - (ANSWER)product of lactic acid which occurs in blood
blood pH - (ANSWER)measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
systole - (ANSWER)during which cardiac muscle contracts
diastole - (ANSWER)during which cardiac muscle relaxes
, neurotransmitters - (ANSWER)chemicals used to carry signals or information between neurons
and cells
stroke volume - (ANSWER)volume of blood pumped out of the heart's left ventricle per beat
cardiac cycle - (ANSWER)the sequence of events that take place during a single heartbeat
systolic pressure - (ANSWER)pressure exerted in the arteries when the heart contracts
diastolic pressure - (ANSWER)pressure exerted in the arteries when the heart relaxes and fills
with blood
prehypertension - (ANSWER)means someone does not have high blood pressure now but they
are likely to develop it in the future
arterial blood - (ANSWER)bright red in colour due to high concentrations of oxygen
venous blood - (ANSWER)darker red than arterial blood due to high concentrations of carbon
dioxide
proprioceptors - (ANSWER)sensory receptors found in muscle tissue, tendons and joints which
tell the brain about the physical state and position of a mucle or joint
dehydration - (ANSWER)depletion of fluids that can impede thermoregulation and cause a rise
in core body temperature
mitochondria - (ANSWER)the organelles within cells in the body where aerobic respiration takes
place
minute ventilation - (ANSWER)also known as minute volume = tidal volume x frequency of
breaths per minute
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