MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
MCB 3020
Institution
MCB 3020
What are the two types of microbial cells? - Answer-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What is the 3 domains that are based on the comparison of rRNA? - Answer--Bacteria
-Archaea
-Eukarya
B.A.E.
Domain Bacteria - Answer-Has:
-peptidoglycan
-can have plasmids
-Can perform Horizontal Gene tra...
MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1
Questions with Correct Answers
What are the two types of microbial cells? - Answer-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What is the 3 domains that are based on the comparison of rRNA? - Answer--Bacteria
-Archaea
-Eukarya
B.A.E.
Domain Bacteria - Answer-Has:
-peptidoglycan
-can have plasmids
-Can perform Horizontal Gene transfer (HGT)
-Beta (1,4) Glycosidic
-Hopanoids
-Nucleoid
-Can be Gram (+) or (-)
-Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
Domain Archaea - Answer-Has:
-Unique rRNA
-Can have monolayer or bilayer plasma membrane
-Pseudomurein in cell wall
-All have L-peptides
-Methanogenesis
-Hami = Hook
-Canulae
-could just have S-layer
-Beta (1,3) Glycosidic
-Lack peptidoglycan
-unique lipids
Domain Eukarya - Answer-Consists of Protists and Fungi:
*Generally larger than prokaryotes
Protists: W.A.S.P.
-Water Molds
-Algae
,-Slime Molds
-Protozoa
Fungi:
*Macro & microorganisms
-Yeast=Unicellular
-Molds=Multicellular
SSU rRNA - Answer-small subunit ribosomal RNA
-sequences of 16s &18s rRNA
When comparing rRNA sequences between two organisms, their relatedness is
represented by...? - Answer-Percent Sequence Homology
-70% is cutoff value for species definition
Viruses - Answer--Smallest of all microbes
-Requires host to replicate
-NON-LIVING
-causes range of disease, some cancers
-Virions is the complete virus
-transfers gene between bacteria and others
What are viroids and virusoids? - Answer-infectious agents composed of RNA
Prions - Answer-infectious proteins
-Proteinaceous infectious particles
- causes a variety of degenerative diseases
a)scrapie in sheep
b)Bovine spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease
c)Cruetzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD)
d)Kuru in humans
Definition of life: - Answer--cells and organization
-response to environmental changes
-growth and development
-biological evolution
-energy use and metabolism
-regulation and homeostasis
-reproduction
, LUCA - Answer-last universal common ancestor
What is the universal phylogenetic tree based off of? - Answer--based on comparisons
of SSU rRNA (Small subunit rRNA)
-provides relatedness, but not time of divergence.
Which two domains evolved independently of the other domain? - Answer-Archaea &
Eukarya evolved independently of Bacteria
Which two domains diverged from a common ancestor? - Answer-Archaea &Eukarya
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - Answer-origin of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
hydrogenosomes from endosymbiont
Steps in Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - Answer--Ancestral Eukaryotic cell had lost cell wall
-Engulfment of an endosymbiont occurred
-Produced needed product such as ATP.
-Genome reduction occurs
What led to selected traits? - Answer-Mutations of genetic material.
Mosaic of Genetic Info - Answer-The new genes & genotypes that evolved
How do Bacteria and Archaea increase the genetic pool? - Answer-Horizontal Gene
Transfer (HGT) within the same generation
Note: This is NOT a form of reproduction. It's like passing genetic info to a neighbor.
True or False: Bacteria and Archaea reproduce Sexually - Answer-False. They do not
reproduce sexually and are referred to as Strains.
Strain - Answer-Consist of descendants of a single, pure, microbial culture.
-Maybe biovars, serovars, morphovars, pathovars
Species - Answer-is a collection of Strains that share many stable properties and differ
significantly from other groups of strains
The process of endospore formation is called - Answer-Sporulation normally
commences when growth ceases due to lack of nutrients. Thus it is a survival
mechanism that allows the bacterium to produce a dormant cell that can survive until
nutrients are again available and vegetative growth can resume.
Does hydrophilic mean polar or non polar? - Answer-Polar
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