Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1 Study
Guide And All Correct Answers.
Neurotransmitters - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse
Neuromodulators - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant
than the synapse by diffusing away from the point of release
Neurohormones - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at a great
distance, often by traveling through the circulation
Cholinergic - Answer releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related compound
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - Answer an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Monoamines - Answer One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters, including dopamine,
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin
Catecholamines - Answer A member of a group of related biogenic amines that includes dopamine,
epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Indolamines - Answer one of a subgroup of monoamines including serotonin and melatonin
Amino Acids - Answer an essential component of proteins
Neuropeptides - Answer A peptide neurochemical secreted by the arcuate nucleus of the
hypothalamus that initiates eating
,Gaseous Neurotransmitters - Answer chemicals like NO diffuse through membranes without needing
vesicles or a release mechanism, act on receptors located within cells, break down very quickly without
needing the action of enzymes
Lipid Neurotransmitters - Answer ex: cannaobinoids
Antagonist - Answer drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter
Agonist - Answer substance the promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter
Placebo Effect - Answer perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures
Placebo - Answer a substance that is given to someone under their assumption that it is the real drug,
although it is a fake
Tolerance - Answer the process in which more of a drug is needed to produce the same effect
Withdrawl - Answer the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer administered
or are administered in smaller quantities
Addiction - Answer a compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience
Nucleus Accumbens - Answer part of the basal ganglia, involved in neurotransmitter pathways
Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway - Answer runs from VTA to Nucleus Accumbens, reward pathway
Acetylcholine (ACh) - Answer a major small molecule neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular
junction, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the CNS
Dopamine (DA) - Answer a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter implicated in motor
control, reward, and psychosis
, Norepinephrine (NE) - Answer a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
Epinephrine (EPI) - Answer one of the monoamine/catecholamine neurotransmitters (AKA adrenaline)
Serotonin (5-HT) - Answer a major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to
participate in the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite
Melatonin - Answer an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that participates in the regulation of
circadian rhythms
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) - Answer A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
Glutamate - Answer a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter
Endorphins - Answer a naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids
NO (Nitric Oxide) - Answer A gas that preforms a type of signaling between neurons
Cocaine - Answer mode of action: acts as a dopmaine reuptake inhibitor
Methamphetamine - Answer mode of action: stimulate dopamine and norepinephrine release and
inhibit their reuptake
Ecstasy - Answer (AKA MDMA) mode of action: stimulates the release of serotonin and the
neurohormone oxytocin
Alcohol - Answer mode of action: stimulates GABA receptors; acts as an antagonist at the NMDA
glutamate receptor, stimulates dopaminergic systems
Guide And All Correct Answers.
Neurotransmitters - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse
Neuromodulators - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant
than the synapse by diffusing away from the point of release
Neurohormones - Answer a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at a great
distance, often by traveling through the circulation
Cholinergic - Answer releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related compound
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - Answer an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Monoamines - Answer One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters, including dopamine,
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin
Catecholamines - Answer A member of a group of related biogenic amines that includes dopamine,
epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Indolamines - Answer one of a subgroup of monoamines including serotonin and melatonin
Amino Acids - Answer an essential component of proteins
Neuropeptides - Answer A peptide neurochemical secreted by the arcuate nucleus of the
hypothalamus that initiates eating
,Gaseous Neurotransmitters - Answer chemicals like NO diffuse through membranes without needing
vesicles or a release mechanism, act on receptors located within cells, break down very quickly without
needing the action of enzymes
Lipid Neurotransmitters - Answer ex: cannaobinoids
Antagonist - Answer drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter
Agonist - Answer substance the promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter
Placebo Effect - Answer perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures
Placebo - Answer a substance that is given to someone under their assumption that it is the real drug,
although it is a fake
Tolerance - Answer the process in which more of a drug is needed to produce the same effect
Withdrawl - Answer the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer administered
or are administered in smaller quantities
Addiction - Answer a compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience
Nucleus Accumbens - Answer part of the basal ganglia, involved in neurotransmitter pathways
Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway - Answer runs from VTA to Nucleus Accumbens, reward pathway
Acetylcholine (ACh) - Answer a major small molecule neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular
junction, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the CNS
Dopamine (DA) - Answer a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter implicated in motor
control, reward, and psychosis
, Norepinephrine (NE) - Answer a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
Epinephrine (EPI) - Answer one of the monoamine/catecholamine neurotransmitters (AKA adrenaline)
Serotonin (5-HT) - Answer a major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to
participate in the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite
Melatonin - Answer an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that participates in the regulation of
circadian rhythms
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) - Answer A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
Glutamate - Answer a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter
Endorphins - Answer a naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids
NO (Nitric Oxide) - Answer A gas that preforms a type of signaling between neurons
Cocaine - Answer mode of action: acts as a dopmaine reuptake inhibitor
Methamphetamine - Answer mode of action: stimulate dopamine and norepinephrine release and
inhibit their reuptake
Ecstasy - Answer (AKA MDMA) mode of action: stimulates the release of serotonin and the
neurohormone oxytocin
Alcohol - Answer mode of action: stimulates GABA receptors; acts as an antagonist at the NMDA
glutamate receptor, stimulates dopaminergic systems
