Exam (elaborations)
NURS 368 Final Exam Questions And Correct Answers
- Course
- Institution
NURS 368 Final Exam Questions And Correct Answers...
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS 368 Final Exam Questions AndCorrect Answers
Gene - ANSWER sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
basic units of heredity and basic physical unit of inheritance
passed from parents to offspring and contain information that specifies traits
arranged, one after another, on chromosomes
portion of a DNA strand corresponds to a gene
21,000 genes in the human genome
chromosome - ANSWER a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
has a p arm (smaller), centromere, and q arm (longer)
alleles - ANSWER different versions of a gene
polymorphisms - ANSWER a common DNA mutation or variation of a gene
Genetics - ANSWER the study of heredity
genomics - ANSWER study of whole genomes (an organisms full set of DNA), including
genes and their functions
DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all
living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic
information.
adenosin and thymine; guanine and cytosine
basic building block of genes
,epigenetics - ANSWER the study of environmental influences on gene expression that
occur without a DNA change
study of heiritable changes in gene expression or phenotype caused by mechanisms
other than changes in the DNA sequence
mechanisms- affected by factors and processes (development, environmental
chemicals, drugs/pharmaceuticals, aging, diet)
health endpoints- cancer, autoimmune disease, mental disorders, diabetes
telomere - ANSWER repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome
protects end of chromosomes
high stress and illness cause shorter telomeres, decrease with aging
mutation - ANSWER a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
phenotype - ANSWER physical characteristics of an organism
genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup of an organism
congenital - ANSWER present at birth
gamete - ANSWER specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
chromosomes are singular, then pair up to form alleles (one from mother and one from
father), either dominant or recessive
somatic - ANSWER pertaining to the body
haploid - ANSWER an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
,diploid - ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
autosome chromosome - ANSWER chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
humans have 22 pairs of autosome chromosomes (44 total chromosomes)
sex chromosome - ANSWER one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of
an individual
xx or xy chromosomes (make up a total of 46 chromosomes
homozygous - ANSWER having two identical alleles for a trait
dominant- AA, recessive- aa
heterozygous - ANSWER having two different alleles for a trait
Aa
autosomal dominant trait - ANSWER phenotype seen if at least 1 of the alleles in the
genotype codes for that phenotype (Ex AA or Aa)
usually affected offspring have 1 or both parents affected
mating of 1 affected with an unaffected person results in 50% affected offspring
two affected parents can have unaffected children
males and females equally affected
examples of autosomal dominant traits - ANSWER familial hypercholesterolemia (1 in
500)
polycystic kidney disease (1 in 500-1000)- adulthood, increase in BP, back pain, blood in
urine, UTIs, kidney stones, heart valve abnormalities, aneurysms
neurofibromatosis type 1 (1 in 3500)- cafe alait spots on newborns, neurofibromas,
benign
marfan syndrome (1 in 5000)- connective tissue problems, heart, blood vessels, joint
, problems
achondroplasia (dwarfism) (1 in 15000 to 40000)
huntington's disease (1 in 20000)- may not know they have it until after childbearing
years, mental/physical deterioration
autosomal recessive trait - ANSWER phenotype seen only if both alleles in the genotype
code for that phenotype (Ex- aa)
the traits of the recessive gene are present when both alleles (genes) in a pair are
recessive
a person who has only one recessive allele for a disorder is considered a carrier
carriers do not show signs of the disorder
tay sachs disease - ANSWER autosomal recessive disorder
ashkenazi jews, 1 in 3600 AJ people, 1 in 360,000 non-AJ
patient dies by 2-4, motor development, loss of all voluntary movement
visual deterioration, seizures, no cure
cystic fibrosis - ANSWER autosomal recessive disorder
more common in whites
1 in 2500-3500 children
frequency of carriers is 1 in 22
damage to lungs, sticky thick mucous
damage to organs
other autosomal recessive disorders - ANSWER albanism- complete lack of melanin
phenylketonuria (PKU)- newborn screen, increased level of fetal alinine, intellectual
disability
galactosemia- body processes galactose, leads to failure to thrive, liver failure, jaundice
sickle cell anemia
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Easton. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now