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WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision-Making Final Exam
Actual Questions and Verified Answers
100% Correct| Already Grade A




1. True or False?
From data mining, someone is able to make conclusions about the underlying
causes of certain variables: This is a false statement. Data mining is often able to
find trends, but it will usually overlook the underlying causes


2. True or False?
As technology improves, there will be a greater amount of raw data.: This
statement is true. Data collection will become easier as technology improves which
will lead to an increase in raw data.


3. True or False?
The first step in the Davenport-Kim three-stage model is to frame the problem
by recognizing what the problem is and then reviewing previous findings to
begin to structure the analysis: This statement is true. Stage #1 is to frame the
problem by recognizing what the problem is and then reviewing previous findings
to begin to structure the analysis. Stage #2 is to solve the problem. Stage #3 is the


,communicate your findings


4. True or False?
The stage that involves the most intense statistics and data work is stage 3,
communicating results: This statement is false. The stage that involves the most
intense statistics and data work is stage 2, solving the problem. This step includes
data modeling, data collection, and data analysis.


5. True or False?
Observational studies are often used when a surveyor wants to adjust differ-
ent variables and take note of the effects: This statement is false. Observational
studies are used when it is impractical or impossible to control the conditions of the
experiment.


6. True or False?
Data is valid if it can be repeated by the same person in the same lab each and
every time the experiment is executed.: This statement is false. Data is only valid
if the experiments can be executed by more than one individual in different locations
(not necessarily different conditions as that could be part of the experiment).
7. If you were to take your temperature 10 times in a row using the same
thermometer and got the same result every time, you could say that the
thermometer is .: reliable. A test is reliable if it is consistent and
repeatable.
8. According to the 2000 census the average number of people in a family
in the U.S. was 3.17. Since it isn't possible to have .17 of a person, you
would use a data point to describe the number of people in your


,family: discrete. You would use a discrete number such as one, three, or five to
describe the number of people in your family.






,9. You survey 100 New Yorkers about their preference for New York-style or
Chicago-style pizza. What would be wrong with this?: You would encounter
measurement bias. . Asking 100 New Yorkers about their preferences would most
likely result in measurement bias. The same would occur if you were to ask the
question of 100 Chicagoans


10. Rankings are an example of which kind of data?: ordinal. Ordinal numbers
place subjects in order according to some quality. So, if you came in first, second,
or third in a race, this would be an example of ordinal data.



11. The science of using mathematical procedures to describe data is
.: statistics. Statistics uses mathematical procedures to describe data.
Analytics makes use of statistical analysis.


12. The third stage of Davenport and Kim's Three-Stage Model of quantitative
decision making is which of the following?: communicating results. The third
stage in Davenport and Kim's Three-Stage model is communicating results.


13. Cleaning and organizing collected raw data refers to which of the fol-
lowing?: data management. Cleaning and organizing raw data is known as data
management. The result is sometimes a rectangular data file.




14. Suppose you wanted to determine the ratio of cyclists to drivers in cities


,with higher versus lower air quality.What kind of study might you use?: obser-
vational study. Because you cannot control for all variables, you would not be able
to use an experimental study or blind studies.
15. Suppose you were to use analytics in an experiment to determine how
many salespeople to assign to particular sales territories based on the make-
up and performance of the territories in the results of the experiment. You
would be using which kind of analytics?: prescriptive. Prescriptive analytics
determines a course of action.
16. Suppose you employed analytics to determine which sales territories had
shown the most profitable growth in the last four quarters and would most
likely do so again in the future. You would be using which kind of analyt-
ics?: predictive. Using past information to make decisions about the future is called
predictive analytics.
17. Of the following, which is considered the most serious kind of data error?
a) poorly formatted data
b) number transportation
c) out-of-range data
d) missing data: D. missing data. Missing data can severely compromise the results
of your study.
18. If you designed a drug trial in which the subject, the data gatherer, and
the treatment allocator did not know who was in the control group, then you






,created a study.: triple-blind. A study where all parties do not know
who is in the control group and who is in the treatment group is a triple-blind study.
If the treatment allocator and data gatherer are the same person, this would be a
double-blind study.
19. Suppose you were making a simplified representation of a complex prob-
lem in order to solve it, which stage of the Three Stage Model would you be
in?: solving the problem. The modeling step is part of the solving the problem stage.
20. Assume you are measuring the various returns on investment, over the
past year, for four different stocks in your portfolio. You find the following
values (each as a percent of your investment): 4.68, 5.65, 3.78, -0.46, 6.91.What
kind of data are these data points?: continuous data. In a set of continuous data,
a point can lay along any point in a range of data.
21. If you were to take your temperature 10 times in a row using the same
thermometer and get the following results (in degrees Fahrenheit), what could
you assume about the thermometer? 34, 99, 108, 45, 66, 21, 78, 53, 94, 102: It
is neither reliable nor valid. Because the average temperature for human beings is
98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, you can assume the results are not valid. You can also
assume they are unreliable, because of the wildly varying results.
22. For companies to attract and retain their best customers they need a
complete portrait of who they are. To develop this portrait companies turn
to...: Analytics
23. A manufacturer wants to maximize their factory output while specifically
minimizing labor costs. What type of analytics might they employ to achieve
this goal?: Prescriptive Analytics
24. What type of data error that occurs in measurement is constant within a


, data set and is sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias?: Systematic
25. An Educator develops a new standardized test to measure math skills of
ninth graders. She has students in her home state of Ohio take the test. If the
test is to be used on a national level, what type of error might be found in her
data?: Measurement Bias
26. A city government is trying to determine the national origins of its recent
immigrant population. If a survey of the immigrant population is conducted in
English what type of error might be present in the data?: Omission
27. The use of Big Data is increasingly important to businesses in competitive
markets. Which of the following characteristics is not true of big data?

Requires the use of analytics
Contains structured data
Contains unstructured data

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