NUR 2290 Exam 2 Review Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Course
NUR 2290
Institution
NUR 2290
Benign tumors - Answer Cells that are clustered together in a single mass. Usually do not cause death unless size and location interferes with vital functions. Progressive and slow. Does not spread by metastasis. Grows by expansion without invading the surrounding tissues. "-oma"
malignant tu...
NUR 2290 Exam 2 Review Questions
And All Correct Answers.
Benign tumors - Answer Cells that are clustered together in a single mass. Usually do not cause death
unless size and location interferes with vital functions. Progressive and slow. Does not spread by
metastasis. Grows by expansion without invading the surrounding tissues. "-oma"
malignant tumors - Answer less well differentiated cells and have the ability to break loose and enter
the circulatory or lymphatic system and form secondary malignant tumors at other sites variable and
depends on level of differentiation. Grows by invasion sending out processes that infiltrate the
surrounding tissues. Gains access to blood and lymph channels to metastasize to other areas of the body.
"-carcinoma"
Where are the most frequent metastasis stick sites for hematologic spread since venous blood from the
gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen is routed through the portal vein to then the liver and all
vena caval blood flows to the lungs? - Answer lungs and liver
metastasize - Answer A cancer cell must be able to break loose from the primary tumor, invade the
surrounding extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the bloodstream,
emerge from the bloodstream at a favorable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin to grow, and
establish a blood supply
growth fraction - Answer the ratio of dividing cells to resting cells in a tissue mass
doubling time - Answer length of time it takes for total mass of cells in a tumor to double
as growth fraction increases, doubling time ___________ - Answer decreases!! cancer cells continue to
divide until limitation in blood supply and nutrients inhibit their growth gompertzian model tumor
growth characterization.
once cells have an adequate blood supply, the rate of tissue growth in normal and cancerous tissue
depends on three factors - Answer 1. the # of cells that are actively dividing or moving through the cell
cycle
, 2. the duration of the cell cycle
3. the # of cells that are being lost relative to the number of new cells being produced.
the extracellular fluid, including blood plasma and interstitial fluids, contains what? - Answer 1. Large
amounts of sodium and chloride
2. moderate amounts of bicarbonate
3. small amounts of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus
The intracellular fluid contains what? - Answer NO calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphorus
moderate amounts of magnesium, and large amounts of potassium.
what is the most abundant intracellular electrolyte? - Answer potassium
diffusion - Answer the movement of charged or uncharged particles along a concentration gradient. All
molecules and ions are in CONSTANT motion. each colliding with one another, that supplies the energy
for diffusion. the particles move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
osmosis - Answer the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. goes from lower to
higher concentration. it generates osmotic pressure.
isotonic solution - Answer same effective osmolality as the ICF, neither shrink nor swell.
hypertonic solution - Answer greater effective osmolality than the ICF, they shrink as water is pulled out
of the cell
hypotonic solution - Answer lower effective osmolality than the ICF, they will swell as water moves into
the cell.
antidiuretic hormone - Answer increases water reabsorptions at the collecting ducts of the nephron to
increase blood volume. secreted in response to reduced blood volume. increases blood volume and thus
blood pressure.
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