Summary

Summary MBY161 theme 8 notes

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Course
Introductory Microbiology MBY161 (MBY161)

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

These notes are a 2-page summary of MBY161 theme 8. They provide a detailed but concise overview of the lecture notes. They were written by a student who obtained a distinction in the module.

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Uploaded on October 10, 2024
Number of pages 2
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

mby161 theme 8

Institution
University of Pretoria (UP)
Course
Introductory Microbiology MBY161 (MBY161)

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Theme 8
Deﬁni&ons
• Pathology - study of disease
• E&ology - study of the cause of the disease
• Pathogenesis - the manner in which the disease develops
• Infec&on - coloniza&on of the body by pathogens
• Disease - infec&on causes an abnormal state in which the body is not func&oning
normally
Rela&onship between normal microbiota and host
• Normal microbiota prevent growth of harmful microorganisms - microbial
antagonism / compe&&ve exclusion
• Prevent growth by compe&ng for nutrients / producing substances harmful to
invading microbes and aﬀect condi&ons such as Ph or O2 levels
• When balance is upset - disease results
• Normal microbiota and host - symbiosis
Types of symbiosis
• Commensalism - one beneﬁts and other is unaﬀected
• Mutualism - beneﬁts both organisms
• Parasi&sm - one organisms beneﬁts by deriving nutrients at expense of other
• Opportunis&c pathogens - don’t cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy
person but may do so in a diﬀerent environment
Koch’s postulates
1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
2. The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. The pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a
healthy animal
4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be
the original organism
• Excep&ons - some pathogens can cause several disease condi&ons / some pathogens
cause disease only in humans / some pathogens cannot be cultured / disease
symptoms can be liked to several pathogens
Diseases
• Symptoms - subjec&ve and only felt by person not seen
• Signs - objec&ve changes that can be seen and measured
• Communicable disease - disease in which an infected person transmits and infec&ous
agent to another person who in turn becomes infected
• Contagious diseases - very communicable and capable is spreading easily and rapidly
• Non-communicable disease - not spread
• Incidence - number of people in a Popula&on who develop a disease during a
par&cular &me period
• Prevalence - number of people in a popula&on who develop a disease at a spceiﬁced
&me, regardless of when it ﬁrst appeared
• Sporadic diseases - only occurs occasionally
• Endemic - constantly present disease in a popula&on
• Epidemic - many people in a Given area acquire a certain disease in a rela&vely short
period

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