PYC4814 COMMUNITY
PSYCHOLOGY Portfolio
Guide 2024
1: What is the purpose of a genogram? How do you map a
family using a genogram? - ANS--to understand in a visual
manner relationships of a family and how to look at the
outside influences of differing systems (individual,
microsystem, organization, locality, macro system) - great
way to show and connect the different systems of
influence on a situation and what may be contributing to
what -parents are connected by a U shape.. broked line if
have a child out of wedlock... if divorced a line through the
U... the children have a line coming down from the lower
line of the parents U.. and men are squares (ha) and
women are circle -for the ecomap/genogram, a solid line is
a strong relationship, a dotted line is a tenuous
relationship, a curvy line is stressful, and a dotted line with
2 double lines through is is broken.. or over (with friends)
1: What is community psychology? - ANS--Focus is on
how community-level forces (shared endeavors, shared
locality or some other linkage) impact the functioning of all
individuals and families in the community
-concerned with social change and improving the well-
being of individuals in society.
,Key facets of the field are:
Both research and action;
Both individuals AND systems;
Both preventive/promotion outcomes AND empowerment-
based values and processes;
Both psychological well-being AND social issues;
Strengths-based rather than deficit-based orientation; and
6). Issues of culture, gender, and support for diversity."
1: What are the core values of community psych primary
concern? (5) - ANS-1. An emphasis on prevention of
problems, rather than treatment
2. An emphasis on fostering strengths, mastery, and
competencies rather than on treating problems (self-help)
3. An ecological perspective that emphasizes the
importance of social context, multiple causes of problems
and solutions, and the diversity of human experience and
culture (cultural diversity)
4. An emphasis on community and interdependence
(organizational, community, and societal level action)
5. An emphasis on promoting positive change
(empowerment)
1: 2 views of the homelessness and can you explain the
concept of musical chairs? - ANS-1. Individualistic
Perspective:
People become homeless because of some individual-
level factor (e.g., mental illness).
-Context is not important.
2. Structural Perspective:
,Individual-level variables may influence who gets a "chair,"
but not the number of chairs available.
-Ecological perspective.
1: State the primary differences between first-order and
second-order change - ANS-1. First-order change alters,
rearranges, or replaces the individual members of a
group.(different functioning)
-EX. attempting to resolve homelessness by counseling
homeless individuals without addressing the supply of
affordable housing represents this
2. Second-order change affects the relationships among
the members of a group, especially shared goals, roles,
rules, and power relationships. (different tactic all together)
Transformational Change
-ex. collaborative decisions between boss and worker.. not
just boss.. or instead of rigid lines of expertise between
mental health professionals and patients, it could involve
finding ways that persons with disorders may help each
other in self help groups.. 15
1: Name the ecological levels of analysis in community
psychology, what are they and provide examples of each -
ANS--Bronfenbrenner (1979) promoted concept of a
model of interlocking circles, demonstrating the
overlapping sources of influence on child development.
-CP uses similar idea, but focuses on the community, not
just the individual.
1. Individuals
-Reciprocal influence across level.
, -Engage multiple levels simultaneously.
-Interventions can build individual capacity to address
problems.
2. Microsystems
-Environments where person repeatedly engages in direct,
personal interaction.
-More than the sum of their members.
-Potential sources of support or stress.
-Settings
3.Organizations
-Settings that have a formal structure & stature (e.g.,
mission, by-laws, policies).
-May "host" several microsystems.
-Can have power dynamics and informal "culture."
-Vary in amount of resources.
4. Localities
-Geographic communities.
-Consist of many organizational entities working to define
and address problems.
-History & culture are important.
-May host movements that transcend organizational
boundaries.
5. Macrosystems
-Multiple simultaneous systems.
-Influence other levels of analysis through policies,
legislation, social norms, etc.
-Influenced by consumer choice, advocacy, etc.
