NURS 621 (Orthopedic) Exam With All Chapters
stomatitis vs. thrush - CORRECT ANSWERS -stomatitis = oral ulcers (nutritional deficiency)
tx: magic mouthwash or saline gargle
thrush = fungax infx >> white lesions unable to scrape off
RF: steroid or abx use
TX: nystatin or po flucon...
Arcus Senilis "corneal arcus" - CORRECT ANSWERS -opaque grayish-white ring w/
sharp outer border & indistinct central border at the periphery of cornea
, Usually bilateral
Unilateral associated w/ contralateral carotid artery disease
ET: deposit of lipids
Check lipid panel!!
What will you find upon examination of cataracts? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Negative
red reflex
ET of glaucoma with aging - CORRECT ANSWERS -loss of cells that help drain the
anterior chamber of eye > builds pressure > damages optic nerve
presbycusis - CORRECT ANSWERS -degenerative changes of the ossicles, fewer
auditory neurons, atrophy of the hair cells >> results in sensorineural hearing loss
Ototoxic meds - CORRECT ANSWERS -Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, vancomycin) &
macrolides (erythromycin, tetracycline): hearing related side effects more common w/
pts who have kidney disease or hearing problems
NSAIDS, ASA, salicylic acid: tinnitus
Loop diuretics (lasix): hearing loss is usually temporary
Chemo
oculotoxic meds - CORRECT ANSWERS -Diuretics & CCB's > glaucoma progression
Digoxin > yellow/green color to vision
Sildenafil (viagra) > blue tinge to vision, ischemic optic neuropathy (blindness)
Anticholinergics (antihistamines + decongestants) = precipitate acute angle glaucoma
Bisphosphonates = orbital inflammation, uveitis, scleritis
presbyopia - CORRECT ANSWERS -loss of elasticity of lenses > can't accommodate or
focus on CLOSE things
anterior vs posterior epistaxis - CORRECT ANSWERS -anterior most common
posterior > larger blood losee
*both hold pressure for 15 min
*eval for HTN or coag abn
bacterial vs viral sinusitis - CORRECT ANSWERS -viral = most common
if s/s > 10 days = bacterial
tx: abx augmentin
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