/.Retraction Fiber - Answer-the first lamelipodia, stretches until it breaks and then
releases cytoplasm and is reabsorbed into the cell
/.How can a cell stretch their parts so extensively? - Answer-elasticity and the plasma
membrane
/.Normal cells are anchorage-_______________ - Answer-dependent
/.Cancer cells are anchorage-________________ - Answer-independent
/.Anchorage-dependent - Answer-uses contact inhibition to stop growth
/.Anchorage-indepedent - Answer-will keep growing forever given fresh nutrients and
space
, /.Limitations of Cell Culture technique - Answer-1) not all cells will grow in a culture
2) cells lose their histotype in vivoshape and 3d structure of tissue is changed
3)metabolism likely changes
/.Controlled Experiment - Answer-scientists manipulate only one of the variables/factors
being tested
/.Comparative Experiment - Answer-data is gathered from different sources and is not
manipulated and other variables are held constant
/.Cell size is limited by________ - Answer-the diffusion of gas and nutrients/waste
/.What does an extant version of a prokaryotic cell have? - Answer-cytoplasm,
ribosomes, nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall and capsule
/.Endomembrane theory - Answer-an infolded plasma membrane attached to a
chromosome in an ancestral prokaryote may have led to formation of plasma
membrane. endocytosis would have needed to occur
/.What was the advantage of losing the cell wall? - Answer-allowed for flexibility of the
cell
/.What is the cytoskeleton composed of? - Answer-actin microtubules
/.Do we know where the cytoskeleton came from? - Answer-NO. genes encoded not
found in bacteria or archaea
/.The first true eukaryote likely possessed: - Answer-1) cytoskeleton
2)nuclear envelope
3) may have had an associated endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
4)one or more flagella possibly
/.What did the endosymbiotic theory develop? - Answer-Mitochondria and chloroplasts
/.Peroxisomes - Answer-organelles capable of disarming toxic products of oxygen such
as hydrogen peroxide
/.Approximately when did the first cells form on earth? - Answer-3.5 billion years ago
/.What are the major differences in plant eukaryotic cells? - Answer-cell wall,
chloroplasts and a large vacuole
/.What % water are we? - Answer-50-70%
/.What are biological membranes composed of? - Answer-mostly lipids and proteins
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