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BIO 200 Final Exam Review Verified 2024
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BIO 200 Final Exam Review Verified 2024
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BIO 200 Final Exam Review Verified 2024"Cleavage" is the first stage of embryonic development. What is the main goal of this
stage? - ANSWER-to make a lot of cells
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be hydrolyzed to become ADP and inorganic
phosphate. It has a deltaG of -7.3 kcal/mol. This reaction... (Choose ALL correct
answers) - ANSWER-spontaneous, releases energy, is exergonic
An ion channel in the membrane provides a path across that membrane. If ions flow
through the channel it is called... - ANSWER-facilitated diffusion
As electrons are transferred from one component of the ETC to the next, their G
decreases (they lose energy). Some of this energy is lost as heat, but much of it is used
to do "work". What is that work? - ANSWER-protons are moved across the membrane
against their chemical gradient
Assume there is lactose in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell. Which of the following is the
BEST time for that cell to break lactose down into glucose and galactose molecules? -
ANSWER-when the cell is running out of ATP
At each step of the Krebs cycle in which a carbon is oxidized, what molecule is
reduced? - ANSWER-an electron carrier (like NAD+ or FAD)
By definition, "chromatin" consists of - ANSWER-DNA, proteins
Changes in free energy are related to both enthalpy and entropy. Which equation best
represents this? - ANSWER-deltaG = deltaH-TdeltaS
Chromatin can be "decondensed" when "histone acetyltransferase" enzymes add which
of the following to positively charged lysines? - ANSWER-acetyl groups
Considering the frequency of non-polar bonds in each type of molecule, which type of
molecule should store the most energy (assuming you have the same mass of each)? -
ANSWER-lipids
Does the CO2 made during the linking step/Krebs Cycle need a channel to get out of
the cell? - ANSWER-nah brah
During DNA replication, how is new DNA made? (Choose ONE answer) - ANSWER-
The two existing DNA strands in one molecule separate and act as templates for new
strands
, During which part(s) of respiration are electron carriers (like NAD++ and FAD) reduced?
- ANSWER-Citric Acid Cycle (we call it the "Krebs Cycle") , Pyruvate Processing (we
call it the "Linking Step") , glycolysis
During which part(s) of respiration is CO2 a product? - ANSWER-Citric Acid Cycle (we
call it the "Krebs Cycle") , Pyruvate Processing (we call it the "Linking Step")
Eukaryotic regulatory transcription factors, such as "activators", can bind to which DNA
elements? - ANSWER-enhancer elements, promoter proximal elements
From what germ layer does the neural tube form? - ANSWER-ectoderm
How can the activation of a protein kinase be important in signal transduction? -
ANSWER-kinases can activate or deactivate existing proteins by phosphorylation
How do an oocyte and a sperm "find each other" for fertilization? - ANSWER-the oocyte
releases a chemical that attracts the sperm
How does the maturing oocyte move within the ovary? - ANSWER-It doesn't (it gets
bigger, but it doesn't move).
How is a phospholipid considered "amphipathic"? - ANSWER-it has a hydrophobic end
and a hydrophilic end
How is ATP made during the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-substrate-level phosphorylation
How many CO2 molecules are made per molecule of glucose during respiration? -
ANSWER-6
How many different genes code for a complete B cell receptor? - ANSWER-2
How many polypeptides are there in one B-cell receptor? - ANSWER-4 - two heavy
chains and two light chains
If energy levels are HIGH in a cell (there is lots of ATP), which of the following can
occur? ( - ANSWER-acetyl CoA can be used in pathways that produce fatty acids, some
of the intermediates of the Krebs cycle can be used in pathways that produce amino
acids, some of the intermediates of glycolysis can be used in pathways to make the
sugars in ribonucleotides
In humans, which of the following tissues are derived from mesoderm? - ANSWER-
bones, blood
In this reaction, how is enthalpy or potential energy (H) of the molecules changing? ( the
reaction is respiration) - ANSWER-it is decreasing, it is not releasing heat
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