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ENVS*2210 Final Exam/357 Q’s and A’s A+ Graded
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ENVS*2210 Final Exam/357 Q’s andA’s A+ Graded
Pollen is used - -For protein
- Nectar is used - -As fuel for flying
- Apiculturalist - -Someone who knows how to keep bees and is active in
beekeeping by working with beekeepers.
May be involved in instruction, extension, inspection, advice, etc.
- Apidologist - -Studies bee biology.
- What is the basic structure of the honeybee's eyes? - -Five eyes: two large
compound and three smaller ocelli.
- Honeybee thorax functions to - -Provide the engine for locomotion.
- It has five pairs of appendages: three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings.
- Insect legs - -For walking, gripping, and landing.
- Each leg is made up of many segments
- Three legs are in contact with the ground at all times, so insects are hard to
"knock over"
- Bees have specializations on their fore and hind legs for harvesting pollen
- Bee wings - -- Hook together when extended for flight, so the fore and
hind wing act together as a single wing
- Name the hierarchies under "Kingdom" - -phylum > class > order > family
> tribe > genus > species > subspecies/race > variety/strain
- The phylum *Arthropoda* comprises most - -Animal species on earth
- Arthropods are characterized by - -- Principle body cavity
- True coelom
- Are segmented
- Specialization of appendages
- Development of skeletal muscle
- Well developed nervous system
- Jointed legs
- Exoskeleton (like a suit of armor) (many insects have this)
, - What are some disadvantages to having an exoskeleton? - -- Cannot grow
continually, need to shed exoskeleton and regrow a larger one
- Exoskeleton restricts how to get information from outside world to inside
- What is an exoskeleton made of? - -Chitin
- Moult - -Shedding of an exoskeleton to expand and grow a new one
- How does Chitin change over time? - -At first, it is soft and elastic. With
time, in insects it darkens and hardens through contact with O2. This process
is called *tanning* or *sclerotization*.
- Callows - -Young adult bees are pale and soft, with stings too flexible to be
weapons
- Within arthropoda is the class - -Insecta
- Three major body segments of insects - -1. Head (nervous and sensory
center)
2. Thorax (locomotion center)
- Appendages: 3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings
3. Abdomen (digestive, reproductive, circulatory centers)
- The suffix "ptera" means - -Wings
For example, diptera means two winged (flies)
- Bees are classified as what (taxa)?
Phylum: ?
Class: ?
Order: ? - -Phylum - Anthropoda
Class - Insecta
*Order - Hymenoptera*
- Hymenoptera - -The order in which ants, bees, and wasps are classified in.
Means "membrane-winged insects".
Characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor modified
into a sting or drill.
- Bees belong to the hymenopteran superfamily _____ and within that
_______. - -Apoidea and within that, Apiformes.
- All members of the Apiformes are characterized by having - -*Branched
body hairs*. Thought to be an adaptation to gathering/carrying pollen
, - What has longer mouthparts? Bees or wasps. - -Bees
- What is a major difference between bees and wasps? - -Bees are almost
entirely herbivorous, deriving nutrition from pollen and nectar. Wasps are
carnivores.
- Within Apiformes are several families, including: - -Honeybees,
bumblebees, stingless bees, orchid bees, sweat bees, leafcutter bees, mason
bees, orchard bees, and squash bees.
- Apidae family includes - -Honeybees, bumblebees, stingless bees, and
some others.
- Tribes within the Apidae family - -Apini - Honeybees
Bombini - Bomblebees
Meliponini - Stingless bees
These tribes are *eusocial*.
- Eusocial - -Members live in colonies with three castes: the queen (fertile
female), workers (sterile females), and drones (fertile males).
This social group is often referred to as a colony.
- Honeybees are insects of the taxa (after hymenoptera): - -Order
Hymenoptera > Superfamily Apoidea > Family Apidae > Tribe Apini > Genus
Apis
- All species of honeybee are characterized by - -Building comb from bees
wax that they secrete from glands on the underside of their abdomens.
- When has the highest level of eusociality been reached? - -When daughter
colonies are formed while the mother colony is still active.
- Nest - -The framework built by, and around which, the colony operates to
rear its young and to reproduce.
- Hive - -A colony of honeybees or bumblebees
- The Head - -- Feeding and sensory center
- Mouthparts
- Optical, chemical, tactile senses
- Auditory sensitivity
- Ocelli (small light sensors)
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