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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AQA ALEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2
Neurons t- t✔✔specialised tcells tused tto tcarry tinformation tthroughout tbody tmade tup tof
tcell tbody tdendrites tand taxon tsensory tneuron tcarry timpulses tfrom tsensory treceptors
tto tcns
Relay tneurons tallow tsensory tand tmotor tneurons tto tcommunicate twith teach tother
tfound tonly tin tcns tmotor tneurons tfound tin tpns tto ttrigger tcontractions tusing
tneurotransmitters
Synaptic ttransmission t- t✔✔Axon tpotential tarrives tat tthe tterminal tbutton.
tNeurotransmitters tare tencased tin ta tsynaptic tvesicle tat tthe tpresynaptic tcleft. tAt tthe
tend tof tthe tterminal tthe tvesicle twill tmerge twith tthe tcleft tand trelease tthe
tneurotransmitters tinto tthe tsynaptic tgap tthrough tdiffusion twhere tthey twill tbind tto tthe
treceptor tcells tat tthe tother tside tproducing teither tan texcitatory tor tinhibitory tsignal
Endocrine tsystem t- t✔✔Endocrine tglands tare tductless tand tsecrete thormones
Hormones tcirculate tthe tbloodstream tand tstimulates ttarget tcells twhich thave tthe
treceptor tcells tor tspecific thormones
Different ttypes tof tglands t- t✔✔Pituitary tgland t- tinfluences tthe trelease tof tother
thormones tfrom tother tglands tis tcontrolled tby tthe thypothalamus tand tproduces tpituitary
thormones twhich ttravel tin tthe tblood tto tregulate tother tglands
Anterior tpituitary tgland tproduces tacth tto tstimulate tcortisol tas twell tas tsex thormones
tLH tand tFSH
Adrenal tgland tmade tup tof tthe tadrenal tcortex t(produces tcortisol tincreasing tblood
tpressure tand timmune tfunction) tand tadrenal tmedulla t(releases tadrenaline tand
tnoradrenaline
Ovaries t-oestrogen ttestes t- ttestosterone
Fight tor tflight tresponse t- t✔✔Amygdala tis tmobilised tsending tsignals tto thypothalamus,
tcommunicates tvia ta tsympathetic tsystem tand treleases tadrenaline tinto tthe
tbloodstream. tThis tincreases thr tbr tredirects tblood tand treleases tblood tsugar. tThe
tparasympathetic tbranch tof tthe tans tthen tslows tdown tand trestarts tdigestion
Chronic tstressors t- t✔✔As tinitial tsurge tof tadrenaline tsubsides thypothalamus tactivates
thpa taxis
H t- thypothalamus treleases tchemical tmessenger tCHR tin tresponse tto tstressor
P- tpituitary tgland tgets tCHRwhich treleases tACTH tfrom tpituitary tgland
A t- tadrenal tglands tthen tget tthis tto trelease tstress trelated thormones tsuch tas tcortisol
, Ao3 t- tfight tand tflight t- t✔✔Friend tand tbefriend tTaylor tet tal tfound tfemales ttend tto
tprotect tthemselves tyoung tthrough tnurturing tbehaviour tand tforming talliances tas
tevolutionary ti tthey tflee tit twould tleave toffspring tat trisk
F tor tsystem tis tmaladaptive tfor tmodern tday tstressors tas tthey tdo tnot tinvolve tphysical
tactivity teg ttaking ta ttest tor ta tjob tinterview
Gray targues tthere tis talso ta tfreeze telement tto tthe tsystem twhere tan tanimal tbecomes
thypervigilant tallowing tthem tto tmake tthe tbest tdecision
Men thave tsry tgene twhich tcould tmake tthem tmore tprone tto tmay tmean tthat tadrenaline
tis treleased tquicker tin tthem.
Parts tof tbrain t- t✔✔The tmotor tcortex tis tresponsible tfor tvoluntary tmovement tand tis
tfound tin tthe tfrontal tlobe
The tsomatosensory tcortex tdetects tsenses tand tis tfound tin tthe tparietal tlobe
The tvisual tcentre tis tfound tin tthe toccipital tcortex tand tis ttransmitted tfrom tthe tretina tto
tthe tbrain tvia tthe toptic tnerve
Auditory tcentres tare tfound tin tthe ttemporal tlobes tsound ttravels trom tthe tcochlea tvia
tthe tauditory tnerve tto tthe tthe tbrain tstem tthen tthe tthalamus tand tfinally tthe tauditory
tcortex
Language tcentres t- t✔✔Broca's tarea tspeech tproduction tfound tby tbroca tafter ta
tpatient t'tan' twho twas tunable tto tspeak tor texpress this tthoughts tin twriting tand thad
tdamage tto this tleft tfrontal themisphere
Wernicke's tarea tspeech tprocessing/understanding tfound tin tthe tposterior tleft ttemporal
tlobe
Localisation tevaluation t- t✔✔Lasheley targued tthat thigher tmental tfunctions tare tnot
tlocalised
Wernicke tclaimed tthat tcommunication tbetween tparts twas tmore timportant tthan tparts
tthemselves
Support tfor tlanguage tcentres tfrom taphasia tstudies texpressive taphasia t(broca's tarea)
tand treceptive taphasia t(wernicke's tarea) tare tdamage tto tthese tareas tresulting tin tnot
tbeing table tto tunderstand tor tproduce tlanguage
Bavelier tet tal tfound tsignificant tindividual tdifferences tespecially tbetween tdifferent
tsexes twomen thaving tlarger tbroca tand twernicke's tareas tthan tmen
Dronkers tet tal tfound tthat tother tareas talso tcontribute tto treduced tspeech tabilities tin
tmris's
Hemispheric tlateralisation t- t✔✔Each themisphere thas tspecific tfunctions tand
tspecialities
Left themisphere tfor tlanguage tand tspeech
Right themisphere tor tvisual tmotor ttasks
Hemispheres tconnected tby tcorpus tcallosum
Split tbrain tpatients twho thad thad tcorpus tcallosum tcut tto ttreat tsevere tepilepsy twere
tstudied
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