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ENVS 2210-Final Exam - UNITS 3 - 6
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ENVS 2210-Final Exam - UNITS 3 - 6
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ENVS 2210-Final Exam - UNITS 3 -6
What month does a queen start to reduce her egg-laying rate in? - -August
-How many trips must bees make to produce 80kg of honey? - -4 million
trips
-Who first described honey bee dances? - -Karl von Frisch
-What are 3 types of dances done by honey bees? - -round dance, sickle
dance, wag-tailed dance
-What dance is done when food is within 80-100m of the nest? - -round
dance
-What dance is done when food is more than 100m of the nest? - -wagtail
dance
-What can the wagtail dance describe to other bees (5) - -distance, source,
quality, quantity, direction
-If food resources are towards the suns direction, what direction is the
straight part of the wagtail dance positioned towards? (up/down/angled) - -
up
-What does gravity (aka downwards) in the wagtail dance represent? - -food
is located in the direction away from the sun
-What do bees use to orient themselves during flight? - -landmarks, position
of sun
-Who challenged the dance language of bees in 1967? - -Wenner and
Johnston
-What are bees most attracted to in flowers (2)? - -scent, colour
-Are visual or scent cues more important for long distance detection while
foraging? - -visual
-How do bees find flowers (2)? - -by scouting, by being recruited
-What is it called when a single flower species is foraged upon during a
foraging trip? - -flower constancy/fidelity
, -Where is nectar located? - -inside flower nectaries
-What is nectar rich in? - -sucrose, fructose, glucose
-Which is the least attractive sugar in nectar for bees? - -fructose
-What 2 factors affect nectar secretion by flowers? - -soil moisture, solar
radiation
-What time of day do most flowers secrete nectar? - -late morning to mid-
afternoon
-How long is the average foraging trip? - -40 minutes
-What do honey bees use pollen for? - -food for larva and newly emerged
bees
-What is pollen high in? - -protein, lipid, vitamins
-How/why does pollen stick to the hair on bees legs? - -branched hairs,
positively charged hairs (pollen is negatively charged)
-Are pollen trips generally shorter or longer than nectar trips? - -shorter
-What is the resin from buds on plants/trees called? - -propolis
-What do bees use propolis for? - -cement to close openings and cover
surfaces
-Where is propolis carried on the bee? - -pollen baskets
-When does robbing behaviour more likely occur? - -during nectar dearth
times
-What is the main trigger for the construction of queen cells? - -not enough
queen substance produced
-When is a queen ready to initiate mating flights (age after emergence)? - -
6-13 days after emergence
-Where do mating flights occur? - -congregation area
-When do drones reach sexual maturity? - -14-21 days after emergence
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