electrons (-) correct answers determine chemical behavior
atomic number correct answers the number of protons
atomic mass correct answers number of protons and neutrons
isotopes correct answers same element with different number of neutrons, becomes
radioactive
- carbon dating
-atomic bomb
One atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Another atom has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The two
atoms are: correct answers isotopes of the same element
chemical behavior depends on correct answers -valence shell/electrons
valence electrons correct answers furthest from the nucleus
the farther out the electron... correct answers the more energy it has
An element has an atomic number of 6. How many electrons are needed to fill the outer
shell? correct answers 4
atom is most stable when correct answers it has a full outer shell
bonds correct answers -atoms want to fill their valence shells
-incomplete = complete valence shells
-sharing or transferring these electrons
*How molecules and ionic compounds are formed
covalent bond correct answers sharing a pair of valence electrons
- single and double
pure element correct answers a substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number
(protons) or one stable isotope
compound correct answers two or more separate elements
, molecule correct answers a group of atoms bonded together
electronegativity correct answers attraction of a particular atom for the elements of a covalent
bond
the more (electro)negative... correct answers the stronger the full
electronegativity.. correct answers increases up and to the right
non polar covalent bond correct answers equal pulling
- ex. hydrogen + hydrogen
polar covalent bond correct answers unequal pulling
- ex. hydrogen and chlorine
-partial charges
anions correct answers gained one or more electrons (-)
cation correct answers lost one or more electrons (+)
Ionic bonds correct answers excess number of valence electrons and one with not enough
valence electrons in outer shell. Complete transfer of one or more valence electrons. Bond
formed due to opposite charges
example of ionic bond correct answers chlorine and sodium
**Since chlorine is more negative, its pull is stronger, and it takes the 1e away from the
sodium. Now they have both filled their outer shells and it is a stable compound
what type of bond is a water molecule correct answers polar covalent bond
hydrogen bonds correct answers the weakest bond (low electronegativity); attraction between
polar molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a larger atom (ex. O or N); electrons are not
shared. It is an attraction between the positive and negative poles of charged atoms.
water correct answers - 70-80% of a cells dry mass
-polar covalent bonds
-polar molecule
Properties of water correct answers - adhesion/cohesion
-moderation of temp
-expansion upon freezing
-versatile solvent
Adhesion / cohesion correct answers Cohesion - ability of water to attract to itself
Adhesion - ability of water to cell walls of others
** allows transport against gravity in plants
Surface tension
Moderation of temp correct answers heat - kinetic energy transfer
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