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NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE

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NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Total Body Water (TBW): Definition The sum of fluids within all compartments constitutes the TBW What are the 5 types of fluid that make up the TBW? 1. Intracellular fluid 2. Extracellular fluid 3. Interstitial f...

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  • October 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST

UPDATE
Total Body Water (TBW): Definition


The sum of fluids within all compartments constitutes the TBW


What are the 5 types of fluid that make up the TBW?


1. Intracellular fluid

2. Extracellular fluid

3. Interstitial fluid

4. Intravascular fluid

5. Transcellular fluids


Intracellular fluid (ICF): Definition


Inside the cell, 2/3 of body water


Extracellular fluid (ECF): Definition


Outside the cell, 1/3 of body water


Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes:


- Interstitial fluid (4/5 of ECF)

- Intravascular fluid (1/5 of ECF)

,- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

- Lymphatic, synovial, intestinal, biliary, hepatic, pancreatic, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and

intraocular fluids

- Sweat

- Urine


Interstitial fluid: Definition


The fluid surrounding the cells and found in the spaces between cells but not within the blood vessels


Intravascular fluid: Definition


fluid within blood vessels (aka blood plasma)


Transcellular fluid: Definition


The fluids contained within epithelial-lined cavities of the body: including pleural, synovial, peritoneal,

pericardial, and intra-ocular fluids


Osmolality: Definition


# of osmotically active particles per kg of water



think CONCENTRATION of a solution


How does water move between ICF and ECF compartments?


Osmotic forces

- Sodium for the ECF

- Potassium for the ICF


What are aquaporins?

, A family of water channel proteins that provide permeability to water. Water moves freely by diffusion

through the lipid bilayer cell membrane and through aquaporins


Definition of osmosis


How water moves between the ICF and ECF compartments


What happens when ECF osmolality changes?


water moves from one compartment to another until osmotic equilibrium is reestablished. Water

crosses cell membranes freely so the osmolality of TBW is normally at equilibrium


Water Movement between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid: Starling hypothesis (aka Starling forces)


Net filtration is equal to the forces favoring filtration minus the forces opposing filtration


Forces favoring filtration


- Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

- Interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)


Forces opposing filtration


- Capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure (water pulling)

- Interstitial hydrostatic pressure


Alterations in Water Movement: Edema - Definition


Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces. Results from a shift of fluid from the capillaries

(Intravascular fluid) or lymphatic vessels into the tissues


Edema - Causes

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