Geriatrics/ LTC All Answers Correct
Life expectancy ️-statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on
the year of their birth, current age and demographic factors -average wordlwide is 73.2 years old -for males: 70.7 -for females: 73.6
life span ️length...
Life expectancy ✔️-statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on
the year of their birth, current age and demographic factors
-average wordlwide is 73.2 years old
-for males: 70.7
-for females: 73.6
life span ✔️length of time a person lives
COPD ✔️What is it? Low, progressive obstruction of the airways making it difficult to breathe
PLAN:
o Smoking cessation
o Manage exacerbations
Symptoms:
o Reduced energy intake is common due to: hypercapnia( excess co2 production; results in morning
headache/confusion)/ 02 saturation( reduced 02 can cause intestinal problems)/ fatigue ( they would
rather breath than eat) and chewing problems due to dyspnea
MNT:
o Energy balance is critical: 30-35 kcal/kg depending on initial wt
o Protein: 1-1.5g/kg- to restore and maintain lung and muscle strength
o Balance macronutrients (pro15-20%, fat 30-45%, cho 40-55%)
o Micros: vit c: increased need for smokers/ ca & mg: meet needs; important for muscle relaxation and
contraction / vit D and K- prevent/ slow osteoporosis /
o sodium and fluid: restricted with cor pulmonale( may need to increase K) to control fluids (also control
amt of food in stomach—too much will push up on the lungs)
,o Foods: no tough or stringy foods, avoid gas forming vegetables, increase use of omega 3 FA ,
antioxidants: increase citric fruits, whole grains, and nuts, fluid: 1Ml/kcal; consume liquids between
means, reduce sodium to limit edema and ease breating, increase fiber ( psyllium, crushed bran, prune
juice, f/v), small concentrated feedings to prevent fatigue, rest before meals, and eat slowly and chew
foods well
1. barrel chest: rounded chest due to lungs being chronically overinflated with air
2. digital clubbing: thinkening of the flesh under the fingernails and toenails, nails curve downward.
theory due to vasodilation in the distal circulation leading to hypertrophy of the nail bed
3. cyanosis: blu
Cor pulmonale ✔️-abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease of the
lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
emphysema ✔️-gradual damage of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, making you progressively more
SOB
-smoking is the leading cause
-inner walls of the air sacs weaken and eventually rupture, creating one larger air sac instead of many
small ones= reduces surface area of the lungs = decreases amount of oxygen that reaches the
bloodstream
chronic bronchitis ✔️bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes that results in excessive
secretions of mucus into the tubes with tissue swelling that may narrow or close off bronchial tubes
-chronic: cough that occurs every day with sputum production that lasts for at least 3 mos , 2 years in a
row
, cause: smoking
bronchiectasis ✔️-chronic condition where the walls of the bronchi are thickened from inflammation
and infection =results in mucus accumulation
-periodic flare-ups of breathing difficulty (exacerbations)
-lung function gradually declines over years, pts w/ frequent exacerbations may lose lung function at a
faster rate
symptoms:
-coughing up yellow/green mucus everyday
-SOB
-felling run down or tired
-fevers or chills (usually develop during exacerbations)
-coughing up blood or mucus mixed with blood (hemoptyisis)
asthma ✔️-lung disease that makes breathing more difficult
-no cure, chronic disease
-swollen airways become extra sensitive to some things that you are exposed to in the evironment every
day (asthma triggers). when you breathe in a trigger, your airway create extra mucus and swell even
more, making it difficult to breath
-provide adequate but not excessive calories, avoid excess non-protein cals
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