ap bio 54 questions and answers
Nature vs. Nurtureborn with- need for food, flight, fight vs learned behavior
animals respond to their environment by...using their senses
animals are driven to...survive and reproduce
proximate causationmechanisms that are the reason for behavior. i...
ap bio 54 questions and answers
Nature vs. Nurture✔✔born with- need for food, flight, fight vs learned behavior
animals respond to their environment by...✔✔using their senses
animals are driven to...✔✔survive and reproduce
proximate causation✔✔mechanisms that are the reason for behavior. increased
level of testosterone. neural connections
ultimate or evolutionary causation✔✔why did this behavior evolve, determine how
behavioral influences reproduction succes or survival
ethology✔✔study of the natural history of behavior. animal behavior, particularly in
natural environments
innate behavior✔✔instinctive, does not require learning. Preset paths and nervous
system. Genetic- fixed action pattern. Goose replacing egg from her nest. Egg
retrieval behavior is triggered by a key or sign stimulus. Innate releasing mechanism
involves a stimulus and triggering of motor program. (fixed action pattern)
behavior✔✔the nervous systems response to a stimulus and carried out by muscular
or hormonal system. helps animal obtain resources, find partner, maintain
homeostasis, avoid danger. It is subject to evolution by natural selection
kinesis✔✔environmental cues can trigger movement
taxis✔✔Semi automatic oriented movement toward or away from a stimulus.
positive- trying to do something for the benefit of something. personal benefit
negative- avoid negative outcome. avoid something bad from happening but could
be still doing something good
mice fosB gene✔✔determines whether female mice nurture their young
Oxytocin✔✔bonding hormone
altered behavior is a result of...✔✔previous experiences
associative learning✔✔Association between two stimuli or between the stimulus and
response. Conditioned behavior through association
Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning✔✔Parent presentation of two different kinds of
stimuli with association formed between them.
operant conditioning✔✔Animal learns to associate its behavior response with a
reward or punishment. Learning through risk and reward. Learn after the fact
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