Exam (elaborations)
PN 103; 8 & 9 RESPIRATORY AND ELIMINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PN 103; 8 & 9 RESPIRATORY AND ELIMINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS....
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external respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases that occurs betweenthe alveoli and the capillaries
internal respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases that occurs between
the bloodstream and the body cells
CO2 - ANSWER what level drives the body to breath lighter or heavier?
medulla - ANSWER the base of the brainstem that stimulates the
contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contracts and moves downward - ANSWER what does the diaphragm
do during inspiration?
relaxes and moves upward - ANSWER what does the diaphragm do
during exhalation?
CO2 no longers stimulates breathing - ANSWER what happens to
patients oxygenation in chronic lung disease?
airway - ANSWER the path that air takes as it enters and exits the lungs
patent airway - ANSWER when the pathway is unblocked and air moves
freely
diffusion - ANSWER the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide
move across the alveolar cell membranes and the cell membranes of the
capillaries surrounding the alveoli
hypoxemia - ANSWER low oxygen levels in the blood
hypoxia - ANSWER blood cant take enough oxygen to the tissues
,-agitation/anxiety
-altered LOC
-cyanosis
-retractions
-headache
-irritability
-restlessness
-tachypnea/bradypnea
-bradycardia
-cardiac dysrhythmias - ANSWER signs and symptoms of hypoxia
include:
-airway obstruction
-alveoli secretions/damage
-chronic lung disease
-atelectasis - ANSWER causes of impaired oxygenation include:
atelectasis - ANSWER a collapsed lung
chronic lung disease - ANSWER inflammation of the bronchioles
-inspection
-palpitation
-auscultation - ANSWER assessment of the Respiratory system
includes:
cyanosis - ANSWER a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from
poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
inspection - ANSWER the act of examining or reviewing, looking for
symmetry, effort, color, respirations, and sputum
12-20 - ANSWER what is normal respirations?
retractions - ANSWER Visible sinking of the area between the ribs and
in the neck during inhalation (respiratory distress)
, productive cough - ANSWER coughing that brings up sputum or mucus
from the lungs
nonproductive cough - ANSWER dry cough, no sputum production
excursion - ANSWER feeling for the rise and fall of the chest to
determine if the chest is moving equally
percussion - ANSWER place one hand on the back and tap with the
other hand listening for resonance, want a high pitched sound
crepitus - ANSWER air in the subcutaneous tissue on the chest wall,
face and neck, sounds like snaps and pops
pleural effusion - ANSWER fluid in the chest cavity
pneumothorax - ANSWER is when there is a hole that allows air to enter
the pleural space where there is suppose to be a negative pressure
tension pneumothorax - ANSWER a type of pneumothorax that occurs
when air is trapped in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs which
causes the lungs to collapse and puts pressure on the heart and major
blood vessels causing them to shift within the thorax
directly on the skin - ANSWER where must you listen to the lungs?
-rate
-rhythm
-depth - ANSWER what must be assessed when taking a patients
respirations
eupnea - ANSWER normal respiratory rate and rhythm
hyperventilation - ANSWER deeper respirations, normal rate
tachypnea - ANSWER increased respiratory rate
bradypnea - ANSWER slow but regular respirations
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