BIO 31 Final Exam SJSU questions
and answers
Optimal Foraging TheoryPredicts animal will max its benefits and minimize its
costs with respect to food selection.
Animals will vary their diet as a function of
(Optimal Foraging Theory)-the energy value diet -the abundance of the diet in ...
BIO 31 Final Exam SJSU questions
and answers
Optimal Foraging Theory✔✔Predicts animal will max its benefits and minimize its
costs with respect to food selection.
Animals will vary their diet as a function of
(Optimal Foraging Theory)✔✔-the energy value diet
-the abundance of the diet in the habitat
Goal of Optimal Foraging Theory✔✔achieve most efficient cost to benefit ratio 1:8
Sexual Selection✔✔Evolution of traits driven by intra-specific comp. (for mates)
Same sex compete for mating opportunities (Sexual Selection)✔✔drives selection
for character traits that enhance/ demonstrate fitness
Sexes have different roles or investment in reproduction✔✔-females choosy about
mates (quality)
-males try to maximize opportunities (quantity)
Self Sacrificing Behavior✔✔imparts a cost to self and a benefit to another
Two types✔✔-Kin Selection
-Reciprocal Altruism
Altruism✔✔occurs if cost is less than benefit due to relatedness
Hamilton's Rule (Br > C)✔✔-B= benefit
-r= coefficient of relatedness (as r declines so does B)
-c=cost
Reciprocal Altruism (Analogy)✔✔"I got your back if you got mine! You cover my shift,
I'll cover yours!"
Reciprocal Altruism✔✔-behavior does not depend on immediate reward
-behavior stops if "cheaters" are detected or if colony is big enough to go around
Ecosystems✔✔a community of organisms that interact as a whole with the physical
environment
Flow of energy & nutrients through the systems✔✔-Energy is transferred between
organisms
-Nutrients cycle through the system
, Energy and nutrients✔✔-are not lost to the system, just converted into different
forms
-based on trophic interactions
Food Web (Energy Flow)✔✔(marine & terrestrial) can be altered with profound
impacts
Keystone Species✔✔-Species with effects on communities that are disproportionate
to their biomass
Small Part of the Ecosystem, but a BIG IMPACT (Keystone Species)✔✔-tend to be
top level predators (EX: sea otters, pisaster sea stars)
Biodiversty✔✔variety and variability of life
1) Genetic Diversity✔✔total genetic into contained within all individuals of a species
2) Species Diversity✔✔# of species and relative abundance within a region
3) Ecosystem Diversity✔✔biotic community and abiotic factors that influence the
biota
Molecular diversity✔✔genes, proteins, non-coding DNA
Ecology✔✔Study of how organisms interact with other organisms and their
environment
-organism abundance/ distribution (quantitative)
-how organisms are influenced by their environment
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