Exam (elaborations)
PN103 SKIN AND MEMBRANE SKELETAL SYSTEM EXAM STUDY SET
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PN103 SKIN AND MEMBRANE SKELETAL SYSTEM EXAM STUDY SET...
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Flexion - ANSWER reduces the angle of the jointex: bending the elbow
Extension - ANSWER increases the angle of a joint
ex: straightening a bent elbow
Abduction - ANSWER increases the angle of the joint to move a part
away from the midline
ex : moving arm to the side and away from body
Adduction - ANSWER decreases the angle of a joint to move a part
toward the midline
ex: moving the arm in and down the side
Rotation - ANSWER Spins one bone relative to another
ex: rotating the head at the neck joint
Circumduction - ANSWER moves the distal end of the bone in a circle,
while circumducting a joint keeping the proximal end stable
ex: moving arm in a circle at shoulder joint
True ribs (14:7 pairs) - ANSWER attach to sternum by costal cartilages
False Ribs
10 (5 pairs) - ANSWER first 3 pairs attach to sternum by costal
cartilages of 7th ribs , lowest 2 pairs do not attach to the sternum
therefor called FLOATING RIBS
Sternum 1 - ANSWER breast bone , shaped like a dagger
, Synarthroses (sutures) - ANSWER no movement
produced by the fibrous connective tissues between the articulating
(joining) joints, holding them them tight together
Ampiarthroses - ANSWER slight movement
usually made up of cartilage
joining bones tightly with slight flexability
Diarthroses - ANSWER free movement
all have joint capsules , joint cavity , layer of hyaline cartilage (articular
cartilage) over the end of two bones
Functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER support and gives shape
protects internal organs
movement
storage for vital substances
hemopoiesis ,formation of blood cell formation
Calcitonin (CT) - ANSWER in thyroid gland
increases mineralization of bone , reduces blood calcium level
Parathyroid (PTH) - ANSWER in parathyroid glands
counterbalance effect of CT by decreases calcium in the bone,
increasing blood calcium level
bone density as we age - ANSWER Our bodies have a natural
mechanism for removing old bone and rebuilding new bone. But after
age 50, we start losing bone faster than we can build it.
structure of long bone - ANSWER
Skeletal system - ANSWER
The skull - ANSWER
Long bone - ANSWER humerus , arm bone
Short bone - ANSWER carpals , wrist bone
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