NURS 460 - Renal (Exam 2) Already Graded A
What are the three origins of an AKI? Pre-renal, intra-renal, post-renal
What is an AKI? Abrupt increase in creatinine resulting in an injury or insult that causes a functional or
structural change in the kidney
What are the three main results of a...
What are the three origins of an AKI? ✅Pre-renal, intra-renal, post-renal
What is an AKI? ✅Abrupt increase in creatinine resulting in an injury or insult that causes a functional or
structural change in the kidney
What are the three main results of an AKI? ✅Increased BUN, creatinine, and urine electrolytes
What is normal GFR? ✅125 mL/min
What are the 4 main functions of the kidney? ✅Regulation of fluid electrolyte and acid base balance
Erythropoietin production
Regulation of blood pressure via RAAS
Vitamin D production
What is the most common origin of AKI? ✅Pre-renal
What causes a pre-renal AKI? ✅Caused by decreased renal blood flow or obstruction of the renal artery
What can decrease CO and lead to AKI? ✅Severe HoTN, hypovolemia, vasoconstriction
What happens to the function and structure of nephrons and glomeruli in AKI? ✅Normal
What are the two main ways to maintain BP and treat pre-renal AKI? ✅Improve CO, relieve renal artery
obstruction
, What are ways to improve CO with pre-renal AKI? ✅Normal saline until CVP = 12, assess
VS/UO/CVP/PAWP, MAP of 65+, NE for BP support
What kind of AKI is caused by decreased CO? ✅Prerenal
What are the two main ways to restore renal perfusion in prerenal AKI? ✅Angioplasty, stent
What are intra-renal causes of AKI? ✅Abdominal CS, cytotoxic agents, sepsis, prolonged hypoperfusion
of the kidneys, basement membrane of the renal tubules are damaged, rhabodomyelosis
What kind of meds should be avoided to prevent further kidney injury with an AKI? ✅Nephrotoxic
What is important to do when administering nephrotoxic drugs with an AKI? ✅Monitor peak and trough
levels closely
If a patient has an AKI, what should be done if contrast is necessary? ✅Give prophylactic acetylcysteine
What are the four phases of an intrinsic AKI? ✅Onset, oliguric/non-oliguric, diuretic, recovery
What are examples of post-renal causes of AKI? ✅Obstruction of urinary outflow, BPH, tubular
obstruction from crystals, ureteral obstruction, prostatic cancer
How does post-renal AKI resolve? ✅Remove obstruction
What happens to BUN and creatinine with age? ✅Increase
How is asymptomatic dilutional hyponatremia treated? ✅Fluid restriction
How is symptomatic dilutional hyponatremia treated? ✅Diuretics and saline infusion if fluid restriction
is ineffective
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