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1538 FINAL EXAM AND REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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1538 FINAL EXAM AND REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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1538 FINAL EXAM AND REVIEWQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Oral contraceptives are unsafe for women who have had a history of –
Answer-
- dvt's
- PE's
- strokes
- thromophlebitis
- deep and superficial vein thrombosis
- pulmonary embolism
- myocardial infarction
- stroke (in smokers)
- hypertension
- migraines
- chlamydial infection
- gallbladder disease
____________ increases the risk of blood clots in those taking oral contraceptives -
Answer-smoking
The male condom is inexpensive and offers the BEST....... - Answer-protection from
STDs
Additional benefits to oral contraceptives - Answer-- reduction in acne
- decreased bleeding
- decreased menstrual cramps
Other consideration when deciding on a method of birth control - Answer-- length of
time a pregnancy is desired
- breastfeeding?
- potentially harmful side effects
Cervical cancer screening - Answer-- every 3 years
- ages 21-29
Perimenopausal women and contraception - Answer-- may continue to ovulate if they
are having regular periods
- contraceptive is recommended for 12 months past last period
tubal ligation - Answer-- cutting or occluding the fallopian tube to prevent fertilization
- can performed at anytime
,-
Nonsurgical sterilization- Essure - Answer-- involves the insertion of a small nickel coil
through the cervix, vagina, and uterus and then into each fallopian tube
- can be performed at a physicians office with local anesthesia OR outpatient surgery
Vasectomy - Answer-- involves making a small incision or puncture in the scrotum to
cut, tie, cauterize, or remove a section of the vas deferens
- lower morbidity and lower failure rate
IUDs (intrauterine devices) - Answer-- long-acting contraceptives
- Most effective (except for Nexplanon and male sterilization)
SE
- cramping and irregular bleeding after insertion
- **excessive menstrual flow
Complications
- perforation of the uterus
- teach women to feel for threads weekly
Nexplanon - Answer-- a single rod implant that is inserted subcutaneously into the
upper inner arm with the use of a local anesthetic
SE
- irregular menstrual bleeding
- acne
- minimal weight gain
Hormone injections (Depo-provera) - Answer-- injectable progestin available in (deep)
IM and SubQ
- prevents ovulation for 15 weeks, although should be scheduled every 13 weeks
- site should not be massaged
- menstrual irregularities are the major reason for discontinuation
- recommended use for only 2 years
- A decrease in bone density occurs
-- **need adequate amounts of calcium and vit D
Combination Oral Contraceptives - Answer-- Estrogen and progestin are the most
common
- 21 days of hormone pills, 7 days non-hormone
- lighter and shorter periods
Pot. disadvantage
, - pregnancy may be missed in the early stage
Progestin-only pills - Answer-- taken daily with no hormone-free days
Benefits to oral contraceptives - Answer-- regular menses
- decreased flow
- reduced acne
- lifetime risk reduction for ovarian and uterine cancer
Pt education on oral conceptives - Answer-- taken at the same time every day
- missed doses
-- use back up contraceptives for 7 days
- post partum women should avoid oral contraceptives for up to 3 weeks
-- lactating women should avoid them for 4 weeks
Transdermal contraceptive patch - Answer-- as effective as oral contraceptives
- used weekly
- clean, dry, nonirritated skin on the abdomen, buttock, upper outer arm, or upper torso,
**excluding the breasts
SE
- spotting
- breast tenderness
- headaches
- skin reactions
Vaginal ring (NuvaRing) - Answer-- Insertion of soft, flexible, vinyl ring into vagina
- left in place for 3 weeks
- have them place the ring while in the office to determine confidence
- can be removed for up to 3 hours without having to use back-up contraception
SE:
- headaches
- breast tenderness
- nausea
- vaginitis
- expulsion
- vaginal discharge/ discomfort
Calendar method of family planning - Answer-- approx. 14 days before onset of menses
- often unreliable d/t stress, environmental and other factors can affect ovulation
standard days method of family planning - Answer-- uses a string of color-coded beads
to help keep track of the fertile and infertile days of each cycle
- begins with the first bead on the first day of menses
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