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REPRODUCTION 1538 TEST #1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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REPRODUCTION 1538 TEST #1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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REPRODUCTION 1538 TEST #1QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Attributes for reproduction
(What must occur for reproduction to exist?) - Answer--healthy sperm
-intact ovarian cycle(w/healthy ovulation)/healthy ova
-fertilization & implantation
Positive Outcomes of reproduction - Answer--maintenance of pregnancy
-healthy neonate
-uncomplicated childbirth
-
*NEGATIVE* Outcomes of Reproduction - Answer--infertility
-fetal demise
-high risk pregnancy
-*fetal loss; miscarriage, abortion*
-maternal/fetal complications
*Bartholin Glands* - Answer--*lie under the constrictor muscles of the vagina & located
posteriorly on the sides of vaginal opening*
-*secretes a clear mucous to lubricate the vaginal introitus during sexual arousal*
*Vagina* - Answer-*-a fibromuscular collapsible, tubular structure that lies between the
bladder & rectum & extends from the vulva to the uterus*
-*a tube that lies inside the body*
-secretions maintain an acidic environment *(pH 4.5-5)*. This helps prevent infection
Vagina - Answer--serves as a conduit for menstrual flow
-organ of copulation
-part of the birth canal
-uterine cervix projects into the upper end of the vagina
*UTERUS* - Answer--muscular organ shaped like an upside down pear
-sits midline in the pelvis between the rectum & bladder
*UTERINE WALL*
3 layers
1. endometrium
2. myometrium
3. part of the peritoneum - Answer-3 layers
1. endometrium
2. myometrium
3. part of the peritoneum
,*Endometrium* - Answer-*-highly vascular lining made of 3 layers*
*-outer 2 layers are shed in menstruation*
*Myometrium* - Answer--*made up of layers of smooth muscle that extend in 3
directions :longitudinal, transverse, oblique
*CERVIX* - Answer--made up of mostly fibrous connective & elastic tissues
-internal/external os
-*outer cervix covered with squamous epithelium*
-*mucosa of cervical canal is lined with columnar epithelium* and contain numerous
glands that secrete mucous in response to ovarian hormones
-*this Squamo-columnar junction is called the transformationl zone*
-most common site of neoplastic changes
-pap smear specimens collected from the TZ
*Adnexa* - Answer--part where uterus lives
Fallopian Tubes - Answer--provide a passage from ovaries to uterine cavity for ovum
-infundibulum pulls ovum into the tube
-propel the ovum along with rhythmic muscular contractions of the tube
*BONY PELVIS*
3 Purposes
2 parts - Answer--*3 Purposes*
-*protection of pelvic structures*
-*accommodation of growing fetus*
-*anchorage of pelvic structures*
2 Parts
*False Pelvis*--upper portion above pelvic rim
*True Pelvis*--lower, curved bony canal, includes the inlet, cavity, & oultet
*False Pelvis* - Answer---upper portion above pelvic rim
(plays no part in childbirth)
*True Pelvis*- - Answer---lower, curved bony canal, includes the:
- inlet, cavity, & oultet
When to do *SELF BREAST EXAM* - Answer-*1. in shower*--*one hand behind head,
start from armpit*
*2. in front of mirror*--*lean forward--breast should hang symmetrically*
*3. lying in bed*
*MENSTRUATION* - Answer--*periodic uterine bleeding that begins 14 days after
ovulation*
-avg. cycle 28 days
, -*first day of bleeding is day 1*
-avg. duration is 5 days
-avg. blood loss is 50 mL
Menstruation controlled by 3 cycles - Answer-1. endometrial
2. hypothalamic-pituitary
3. ovarian
*Endometrial Cycle* (4 phase) - Answer--menstrual phase
-proliferative phase
-secretory phase
-ischemic phase
*Menstrual Phase* - Answer--shedding of the functioinal 2/3 of endometrium
-stromal cells in basal layer
*PROLIFERATIVE PHASE* - Answer-*-period of rapid growth lasting from day 5 til
ovulation*
Secretory phase - Answer--last from ovulation to about 3 days before the start of next
period
Ischemic Phase - Answer--blood supply to functional endometrium is blocked and
necrosis develops
*HYPOTHALMIC PITUITARY CYCLE* - Answer--toward the end of menstrual cycle,
*estrogen & progesterone levels decrease*
*Hypothalamus.>>GnRH>>Anterior Pituitary Gland>>FSH&LH>>graafian
follicles>>progesterones*
*OVARIAN CYCLE* - Answer--- the normal sex cycle that includes development of an
ovarian (graafian) follicle, rupture of the follicle with discharge of the ovum, and
formation and regression of a corpus luteum.
*PROSTAGLANDINS*
(Cervidil) - Answer--oxygenated fatty acids classified as hormones
-*increase uterine contraction & cause cervical dilation.* PG can initiate labor, maintain
labor or both
*GRAVIDA* - Answer--*a woman who is pregnant*
*Gravidity* - Answer--*pregnancy*
*Multigravida* - Answer--*a woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies*
*PARITY* - Answer--*the # of births that a woman has had after 20 weeks gestation*
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