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BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Tests

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BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Tests The cell ANS The basic unit of structure and function in living things What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? ANS nucleus nucleolus ribosomes smooth ER rough ER mitochondria What are the 3 ...

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  • October 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers
The cell ANS The basic unit of structure and function in living things



What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? ANS nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria


What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? ANS bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics



What is light microscopy? ANS visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce a
magnified image


What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? ANS .2 nm



Define resolution ANS Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image



Define magnification ANS the ratio of an object's image size to its real size



what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? ANS ability to image LIVE
cells



State of cells when using amplitude contrast ANS fixed/dead

,Describe amplitude contrast ANS a form of contrast generated by the absorption of selective
wave lengths from the visible light spectrum



Describe phase contrast microscopy ANS dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities



State of cells when using phase contrast? ANS living



epifluorescence microscopy ANS detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that are MADE
fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker



indirect immunofluorescence ANS i. cells/tissues fixed
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker


What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct method)?
ANS Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the corresponding antigen on
the target protein


Whats the advantage of using GFP? ANS cells are ALIVE



What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? ANS harmless dyes used to stain living tissue
for observation



confocal microscopy ANS a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to make two-
and three-dimensional images



Advantages of confocal microscopy ANS increased clarity of images and resolution

, What is electron microscopy? ANS technique used for obtaining high resolution images of
specimens



transmission electron microscope ANS used to study the internal structure of cells



Advantage of electron microscope ANS shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased
resolution and magnification



Disadvantage of electron microscopes ANS cannot view living things- life is not compatible with
vacuum



Electron tomography ANS provides highest and most accurate 3-D resolution for ultrasound
studies



scanning electron microscopy ANS beams scan across and build image layer by layer
**EXTERNAL STURCTURES



what are the 4 common procedures for homogenizing cells? ANS 1. high frequency sound
2. mild detergent
3. force cells through small pore using high pressure
4. shear cells between a close fitting rotating plunger and wall of glass vessel



Centrifugation ANS Separates subcellular structures and macromolecules into different parts
(fractions) by size, shape, and density



differential centrifugation ANS uses progressively higher speeds to separate the cellular
components by size and density



density gradient centrifugation ANS A method of separating particles by centrifugation through a
gradient of a dense substance, such as sucrose or cesium chloride.
** based on buoyant density

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