BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Tests
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Course
BIO 353
Institution
BIO 353
BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Tests
The cell ANS The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? ANS nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 ...
BIO 353 Study Guide Exam 1 Questions And Answers
The cell ANS The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? ANS nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? ANS bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics
What is light microscopy? ANS visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce a
magnified image
What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? ANS .2 nm
Define resolution ANS Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image
Define magnification ANS the ratio of an object's image size to its real size
what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? ANS ability to image LIVE
cells
State of cells when using amplitude contrast ANS fixed/dead
,Describe amplitude contrast ANS a form of contrast generated by the absorption of selective
wave lengths from the visible light spectrum
Describe phase contrast microscopy ANS dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities
State of cells when using phase contrast? ANS living
epifluorescence microscopy ANS detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that are MADE
fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker
indirect immunofluorescence ANS i. cells/tissues fixed
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker
What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct method)?
ANS Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the corresponding antigen on
the target protein
Whats the advantage of using GFP? ANS cells are ALIVE
What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? ANS harmless dyes used to stain living tissue
for observation
confocal microscopy ANS a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to make two-
and three-dimensional images
Advantages of confocal microscopy ANS increased clarity of images and resolution
, What is electron microscopy? ANS technique used for obtaining high resolution images of
specimens
transmission electron microscope ANS used to study the internal structure of cells
Advantage of electron microscope ANS shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased
resolution and magnification
Disadvantage of electron microscopes ANS cannot view living things- life is not compatible with
vacuum
Electron tomography ANS provides highest and most accurate 3-D resolution for ultrasound
studies
scanning electron microscopy ANS beams scan across and build image layer by layer
**EXTERNAL STURCTURES
what are the 4 common procedures for homogenizing cells? ANS 1. high frequency sound
2. mild detergent
3. force cells through small pore using high pressure
4. shear cells between a close fitting rotating plunger and wall of glass vessel
Centrifugation ANS Separates subcellular structures and macromolecules into different parts
(fractions) by size, shape, and density
differential centrifugation ANS uses progressively higher speeds to separate the cellular
components by size and density
density gradient centrifugation ANS A method of separating particles by centrifugation through a
gradient of a dense substance, such as sucrose or cesium chloride.
** based on buoyant density
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